INTERACTING PHENOTYPES AND THE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS. III. SOCIAL EVOLUTION
INTERACTING PHENOTYPES AND THE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS. III. SOCIAL EVOLUTION
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2010.01012.x
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Brodie, Edmund D., III
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
McGlothlin, Joel W.;Moore, Allen J.;Brodie, Edmund D., III
同种物种之间的相互作用通过两种不同但密切相关的途径影响社会进化。首先，它们提供了间接遗传效应（IGE）的机会，即一个个体中表达的基因会影响其他个体特征的表达。第二，当一个人表现出的特质影响到其他人的适应性时，相互作用可以产生社会选择。在这里，我们提出了一个多变量性状进化的定量遗传模型，它整合了IGE和社会选择的影响，这两个先前已经独立建模。我们表明，社会选择影响进化的变化时，一个人的育种价值与其社会伙伴的表型协变。这种协方差可以创建的相关性和IGEs，这被证明有平行的作用，在确定进化的反应。我们发现，社会选择是中央的包容性健身的估计，并得出一个版本的汉密尔顿的规则显示对称的影响，相关性和IGES的进化利他主义。我们用利他主义、绿胡子、侵略和武器作为例子来说明我们的方法的效用。我们的模型为社会表型的进化提供了一个通用的预测方程，包括亲属选择和互惠等特定情况。参数可以测量经验，我们强调的重要性，考虑IGES和社会选择，除了相关性，当测试假设社会进化。
Interactions among conspecifics influence social evolution through two distinct but intimately related paths. First, they provide the opportunity for indirect genetic effects (IGEs), where genes expressed in one individual influence the expression of traits in others. Second, interactions can generate social selection when traits expressed in one individual influence the fitness of others. Here, we present a quantitative genetic model of multivariate trait evolution that integrates the effects of both IGEs and social selection, which have previously been modeled independently. We show that social selection affects evolutionary change whenever the breeding value of one individual covaries with the phenotype of its social partners. This covariance can be created by both relatedness and IGEs, which are shown to have parallel roles in determining evolutionary response. We show that social selection is central to the estimation of inclusive fitness and derive a version of Hamilton's rule showing the symmetrical effects of relatedness and IGEs on the evolution of altruism. We illustrate the utility of our approach using altruism, greenbeards, aggression, and weapons as examples. Our model provides a general predictive equation for the evolution of social phenotypes that encompasses specific cases such as kin selection and reciprocity. The parameters can be measured empirically, and we emphasize the importance of considering both IGEs and social selection, in addition to relatedness, when testing hypotheses about social evolution.