Energy analysis of composting toilet from full scale demonstration project on onsite differentiable treatment system
Energy analysis of composting toilet from full scale demonstration project on onsite differentiable treatment system
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现场微分处理系统全尺寸示范项目堆肥厕所的能源分析
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Yokota
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Ito;M. Fukuda;N. Funamizu;M. Yokota
堆肥厕所系统是现场微分处理系统的核心设施，是一种在马桶下方设有反应器的干式厕所。反应器中充满锯末，通过加热保持在 60°C 左右。通风系统将新鲜空气从马桶持续供应到反应器上方的排气管。在堆肥过程中，大部分水分和有机物通过蒸发和生物降解从反应器中去除，导致堆肥中残留物少量积累。但需要大量的能源供应才能稳定运行并加热。为了改善这个问题，我们对厕所系统的能量结构进行了分析。结果，干燥速率和功耗分别约为3-4千克/天和15兆焦/天。然后计算蒸发能量为7-15MJ/天。接下来，每天入口空气和出口空气的热函分别为10-100MJ/天和20-112MJ/天。此处，入口空气和出口空气的焓差约为 15 MJ/天。最后，根据两人粪便的排出速度，估计化学能为0.5MJ/天。因此，来自电源的热能等于焓差。 7-12 MJ/天的能量，来自电源，用于干燥，其他只是加热空气。干燥热效率定义为蒸发能与能耗之比，约为 60-100%，且与通风空气流量无关。
The composting toilet system is core facility of onsite differentiable treatment system and a kind of dry toilet that has a reactor under a toilet bowl. The reactor is filled with sawdust kept at around 60 °C by heating. The ventilation system supplies continuously fresh air from toilet bowl to exhaust pipe through over the reactor. Most of moisture and organic matter are removed from reactor by evaporation and biodegradation during their composting process, resulting in small accumulation of residual matter into the compost. However, it needs large energy supply for stable operation with heating. To improve this problem, we analyzed the energy structure of the toilet system. As a result, the drying rate and the power consumption were respectively around 3-4 kg/day and 15 MJ/day. Then the evaporation energy was calculated as 7-15 MJ/day. Next, enthalpies of inlet and outlet air per day were respectively 10-100 MJ/day and 20-112 MJ/day. Here, the difference between the enthalpies of inlet and outlet air was around 15 MJ/day. Finally, the chemical energy was estimated 0.5 MJ/day by discharge rate of faeces from two person. Therefore, the heat energy from power supply is equal to the difference of the enthalpies. 7-12 MJ/day of energy, which came from power supply, was used to drying and the other is just to heat-up the air. The heat efficiency for drying, which was defined as ratio of evaporation energy to energy consumption, was around 60-100 %, and independent of ventilation air flow rate.