Evidence from Cameroon reveals differences in the genetic structure and histories of chimpanzee populations
Evidence from Cameroon reveals differences in the genetic structure and histories of chimpanzee populations
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1015422108
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发表时间：
2011-03-22
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Tishkoff, Sarah A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonder, Mary Katherine;Locatelli, Sabrina;Tishkoff, Sarah A.
潘属的历史是一个持久的兴趣话题。黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）通常被分为亚种，但整个非洲黑猩猩的种群结构和遗传历史仍然不清楚。一些群体遗传学研究导致了这样的猜测，直到最近，这个物种构成了一个单一的种群，在其分布范围内不断发生基因流动，这导致了等位基因频率的连续梯度。黑猩猩，在这里被命名为P.t. ellioti，占据几内亚湾地区，横跨南部尼日利亚和西部喀麦隆在该物种的分布中心。值得注意的是，很少有研究包括来自该地区的个体，这阻碍了对整个非洲黑猩猩种群结构的研究。在这里，我们分析了94只黑猩猩的微卫星基因型，其中包括32只指定为P. t。埃利奥特。我们发现黑猩猩分为三个主要种群：（i）西非的上几内亚（P.t. verus）;（ii）几内亚湾地区（P.t. ellioti）;和（iii）赤道非洲（P. t. troglodytes和P.t. schweinfurthii）。重要的是，几内亚湾人口与其他人口在遗传上有显着不同，与上几内亚人口共享最后一个共同祖先，近似于46万年前（mya），与赤道非洲近似于32万年前。赤道黑猩猩被细分为三个种群，分别分布在喀麦隆南部、中非和东非，它们可能在大约0.10-0.11百万年前构成了一个单一的种群。最后，几内亚湾和喀麦隆南部种群之间可能偶尔发生杂交。
The history of the genus Pan is a topic of enduring interest. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are often divided into subspecies, but the population structure and genetic history of chimpanzees across Africa remain unclear. Some population genetics studies have led to speculation that, until recently, this species constituted a single population with ongoing gene flow across its range, which resulted in a continuous gradient of allele frequencies. Chimpanzees, designated here as P. t. ellioti, occupy the Gulf of Guinea region that spans southern Nigeria and western Cameroon at the center of the distribution of this species. Remarkably, few studies have included individuals from this region, hindering the examination of chimpanzee population structure across Africa. Here, we analyzed microsatellite genotypes of 94 chimpanzees, including 32 designated as P. t. ellioti. We find that chimpanzees fall into three major populations: (i) Upper Guinea in western Africa (P. t. verus); (ii) the Gulf of Guinea region (P. t. ellioti); and (iii) equatorial Africa (P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii). Importantly, the Gulf of Guinea population is significantly different genetically from the others, sharing a last common ancestor with the populations in Upper Guinea similar to 0.46 million years ago (mya) and equatorial Africa similar to 0.32 mya. Equatorial chimpanzees are subdivided into up to three populations occupying southern Cameroon, central Africa, and eastern Africa, which may have constituted a single population until similar to 0.10-0.11 mya. Finally, occasional hybridization may be occurring between the Gulf of Guinea and southern Cameroon populations.