Size matters: management of stress responses and chronic stress in beaked whales and other marine mammals may require larger exclusion zones.
Size matters: management of stress responses and chronic stress in beaked whales and other marine mammals may require larger exclusion zones.
复制标题
大小很重要：喙鲸和其他海洋哺乳动物的应激反应和慢性应激的管理可能需要更大的禁区。
DOI：
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.11.024
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Parsons,ECM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wright,AndrewJ;Deak,Terrence;Parsons,ECM
海洋哺乳动物的管理传统上侧重于致命的需要，但非致命（或不立即致命）的影响，人类干扰，如长期或反复激活的压力反应，也可以有严重的保护影响。生理应激反应是一种拯救生命的系统和事件的组合，它最大限度地提高了动物杀死或避免被杀死的能力。然而，“慢性压力”与人类的许多疾病有关，包括冠心病和不孕症。通过例子，包括喙鲸和声纳曝光，我们讨论了增加人类干扰，适应不良的压力反应和慢性压力。深潜和沿海物种以及观鲸活动所针对的物种可能特别脆弱。与人类慢性压力相关的各种疾病将对濒危物种的保护工作产生令人不安的影响，需要管理层的关注，并可能部分解释为什么一些物种在采取保护措施后仍未恢复（例如，小的保护区）。
Marine mammal management traditionally focuses on lethal takes, but non-lethal (or not immediately lethal) impacts of human disturbance, such as prolonged or repeated activation of the stress response, can also have serious conservation implications. The physiological stress response is a life-saving combination of systems and events that maximises the ability of an animal to kill or avoid being killed. However, “chronic stress” is linked to numerous conditions in humans, including coronary disease and infertility. Through examples, including beaked whales and sonar exposure, we discuss increasing human disturbance, mal-adaptive stress responses and chronic stress. Deep-diving and coastal species, and those targeted by whalewatching, may be particularly vulnerable. The various conditions linked with chronic stress in humans would have troubling implications for conservation efforts in endangered species, demands management attention, and may partly explain why some species have not recovered after protective measures (e.g., smaller protected areas) have been put into place.