KANT ON THE UNITY OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL REASON
KANT ON THE UNITY OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL REASON
复制标题
康德论理论与实践理性的统一
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Barbara Townley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barbara Townley
康德有一个著名的论断，即理性是同一的，无论它是理论上应用于“是什么”的领域，还是实践上应用于“应该是什么”的领域。他认为理论理性和实践理性是“同一理性”的两种不同应用，这一观点被称为理性统一论。然而康德本人似乎在两个方面与这一学说相矛盾。在同一部著作的某些段落中，他断言理性的统一性，但他也指出这种统一性还有待证明。根据《道德形而上学的基础》，论证实践理性与理论理性的统一是实践理性批判的任务之一。(2)在《实践理性批判》中，康德进一步推迟了这一任务，他说，我们只能期待这种统一性“有一天”得到证明。（3）此外，康德还声称，理论理性和实践理性通过自然的合目的性这一观念而“统一”起来，这表明了一种原始的不统一。(4)因此，康德似乎为三个不相容的主张辩护，关于理性的统一性。他似乎不能同时一贯地认为：（1）理论理性和实践理性是同一个理性，但应用不同;（2）他仍然需要表明，
Kant famously asserts that reason is one and the same, whether it is applied theoretically, to the realm of what is, or practically, to the realm of what ought to be. His view that theoretical and practical reason are two different applications of "one and the same reason"(1) is known as the doctrine of the unity of reason. Yet Kant himself seems to contradict this doctrine in two ways. In some passages in the very same works in which he asserts the unity of reason, he also states that this unity has yet to be demonstrated. According to the Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, demonstrating the unity of practical and theoretical reason is one of the tasks of a critique of practical reason.(2) In the Critique of Practical Reason, Kant further postpones this task by saying that we can expect this unity only to be demonstrated "some day."(3) Moreover, Kant also claims that theoretical and practical reason are "united" through the idea of the purposiveness of nature, suggesting an original disunity.(4) Thus, it seems that Kant defends three incompatible claims regarding the unity of reason. It would seem that he cannot consistently hold at the same time that (1) theoretical and practical reason are one and the same reason, applied differently, (2) that he still needs to show that they