Age Differences in Emotion Regulation Strategy Use, Variability, and Flexibility: An Experience Sampling Approach
Age Differences in Emotion Regulation Strategy Use, Variability, and Flexibility: An Experience Sampling Approach
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DOI：
10.1037/dev0000727
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Ram, Nilam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benson, Lizbeth;English, Tammy;Ram, Nilam
寿命发展理论表明，随着个体年龄的增长，他们会积累有关如何有效部署情绪调节（ER）策略的知识，并学习如何将情绪调节策略的使用与情境需求的变化相匹配。本研究采用事件相关经验抽样设计，其中 150 名 18 至 89 岁的成年人在 9 周的日常生活中报告了 64,213 次社交互动（M = 427.41，SD = 145.66），该研究检查了（a）个人在日常社交互动中通常使用 ER 策略（重新评估、抑制）的年龄相关差异，（b）个人使用这两种策略的程度的年龄相关差异 不同的社交情境——ER 变异性，以及（c）ER 策略使用协变量的程度与年龄相关的差异，以及这些社交情境的关系（亲密与非亲密他人）和情感（快乐、悲伤）背景特征——ER 灵活性。与之前的一小部分工作一致，通常的 ER 策略使用在整个成年期没有差异，并且 ER 变异性在老年时较低。个体内共变的多层次模型的结果表明，个体可以灵活地将其 ER 策略实施与情绪背景的变化相匹配，尤其是在与亲密他人互动时。结果还提供了证据，表明关系背景和抑制使用之间的个体内协变在年龄较大时较弱。除了这些具体的发现之外，本研究还证明了经验抽样设计、事件相关报告以及个体内变异和协变的测量/建模在整个生命周期情绪发展研究中的实用性。
Life span developmental theories suggest that as individuals age, they accumulate knowledge about how to deploy emotion regulation (ER) strategies effectively and learn how to match their ER strategy use with changes in situational demands. Using an event-contingent experience sampling design wherein 150 adults Age 18 to 89 years reported on 64,213 social interactions (M = 427.41, SD = 145.66) during 9 weeks of daily life, this study examines (a) age-related differences in individuals' usual ER strategy use (reappraisal, suppression) during everyday social interactions, (b) age-related differences in how much individuals' use of these two strategies varies across social situations-ER variability, and (c) age-related differences in the extent to which ER strategy use covaries with relational (close vs. nonclose others) and emotional (happy, sad) contextual features of those social situations-ER flexibility. In line with a small body of prior work, usual ER strategy use did not differ across adulthood and ER variability was lower at older ages. Results from multilevel models of intraindividual covariation suggested that individuals flexibly matched their ER strategy implementation to changes in emotional context-especially when interacting with close others. The results also provided evidence that the intraindividual covariation between relational context and use of suppression was weaker at older ages. Beyond these specific findings, this study demonstrated the utility of experience sampling designs, event-contingent reports, and the measurement/modeling of intraindividual variation and covariation for study of emotional development across the life span.