Antecedents and Outcomes of Level and Rates of Change in Perceived Control: The Moderating Role of Age
Antecedents and Outcomes of Level and Rates of Change in Perceived Control: The Moderating Role of Age
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DOI：
10.1037/a0039530
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Okun, Morris A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Infurna, Frank J.;Okun, Morris A.
感知控制与成年期和老年期的衰老相关结果相关。然而，对于资源作为感知控制纵向变化的前因，以及当这些资源较低时感知控制作为死亡率风险缓冲的作用，我们所知相对较少。我们研究了功能限制、抑郁症状和情感支持作为感知控制水平和变化速率的前因，以及感知控制水平和变化速率是否缓冲了高功能限制和抑郁症状、缺乏情感支持和死亡风险之间的关系。此外，年龄作为这些关联的调节因素进行了调查。为了做到这一点，我们使用了16年的纵向数据，这些数据来自美国人改变生活（ACL）研究的参与者，他们在第一波时至少40岁（N = 2540；平均年龄= 62.85,SD = 12.15； 65%的女性）。关于感知控制的前因，结果表明，随着时间的推移，更多的功能限制和抑郁症状，以及更少的情感支持，都与感知控制的较低水平和更强的下降有关。此外，与老年相比，更多的功能限制和更少的情感支持对中年的感知控制水平更有害。关注感知控制的结果，感知控制的更积极的变化率保护那些功能限制和抑郁症状较少、情感支持较多的人免受死亡风险的影响，与中年相比，这在老年功能限制和抑郁症状中更为明显。我们的讨论集中在感知控制、功能限制、抑郁症状和情感支持之间复杂的相互作用；它们如何随年龄变化；以及我们的研究结果对干预措施的影响。
Perceived control is interrelated with aging-related outcomes across adulthood and old age. Relatively little is known, however, about resources as antecedents of longitudinal change in perceived control and the role of perceived control as a buffer against mortality risk when these resources are low. We examined functional limitations, depressive symptoms, and emotional support as antecedents of level and rates of change in perceived control and whether level and rates of change in perceived control buffer the relations between high functional limitations and depressive symptoms and lack of emotional support and mortality risk. In addition, age was investigated as a moderator of these associations. To do so, we used 16-year longitudinal data from participants in the Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) Study who were at least 40 years old at Wave 1 (N = 2,540; mean age = 62.85, SD = 12.15; 65% women). With respect to the antecedents of perceived control, results indicated that more functional limitations and depressive symptoms, as well as having less emotional support, were each associated with lower levels of and stronger declines in perceived control over time. Additionally, more functional limitations and less emotional support were more detrimental to levels of perceived control in midlife compared to old age. Focusing on outcomes of perceived control, more positive rates of change in perceived control protected against mortality risk for those with fewer functional limitations and depressive symptoms and more emotional support, and this was more pronounced for functional limitations and depressive symptoms in old age as compared to midlife. Our discussion focuses on the complex interplay among perceived control, functional limitations, depressive symptoms, and emotional support; how they vary with age; and the implications of our findings for interventions.