Cytoplasmic Male Sterilities and Mitochondrial Gene Mutations in Plants
Cytoplasmic Male Sterilities and Mitochondrial Gene Mutations in Plants
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植物细胞质雄性不育和线粒体基因突变
DOI：
10.1002/9780470986592.ch9
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Berthomé
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Budar;R. Berthomé
与酵母不同，酵母是研究线粒体突变的非常有用的模型，植物显示出很少的线粒体突变，至少在同质状态下是如此（Chetrit et al., 1992; Yamato and Newton, 1999; Lilly et al., 2001; Ohtani et al., 2002）。大多数线粒体突变似乎与正常植物发育不相容（Gu et al., 1994），这表明线粒体编码的功能对于发育植物的生存能力至关重要（Goodman et al., 1981）。然而，植物线粒体的遗传变异有多种来源。影响线粒体基因组稳定性的核基因突变可能通过 mtDNA 序列的重排诱导线粒体突变（Abdelnoor 等，2003；Kuzmin 等，2005；参见第 2 章）。玉米的非染色体条纹（NCS）突变就是这种情况，其中大多数出现在特定的遗传背景中（Shumway 和 Bauman，1967；Newton 和 Coe，1986）。然而，大多数由此类基因型诱导的线粒体突变只能维持在异质状态。体外培养可用于恢复线粒体基因组变异，其中一些变异与显着的表型相关（Chetritet al., 1992; Lillyet al., 2001; Bartoszewskiet al., 2004）。同样，从体外培养中恢复的植物中表型和同质性的缺乏表明植物中强烈需要未改变的线粒体基因组。然而，体外培养也可用于通过原生质体融合后两个不同亲本线粒体基因组的重组来创建新的线粒体基因组（Belliard 等，1979）。当携带重组线粒体基因组的存活植物能够再生时，最显着的表型效应涉及花形态和花粉产生（Belliard 等，1979；Leino 等，2003；Zubkoet 等，2003）。需要强调的是，原生质体融合实验产生的重组线粒体基因组不应被视为真正诱变产生的新突变。相反，它们对应于来自亲本植物的线粒体基因的采样和重新分配，因此可以被认为是亲本的正常同质情况和有性杂交中细胞质交换后获得的异质情况之间的中间阶段。事实上，携带由原生质体融合实验产生的重组线粒体基因组的植物的表型通常介于正常和严重受影响的异质系之间（Belliard
Unlike yeast, which has been an extremely useful model for the study of mitochondrial mutations, plants display very few mitochondrial mutations, at least in the homoplasmic state (Chetrit et al., 1992; Yamato and Newton, 1999; Lilly et al., 2001; Ohtani et al., 2002). Most mitochondrial mutations seem to be incompatible with normal plant development (Gu et al., 1994), demonstrating that mitochondrially encoded functions are essential for the viability of developed plants (Goodman et al., 1981). Nevertheless, genetic variants of plant mitochondria are available from various sources.The mutation of nuclear genes affecting mitochondrial genomic stability may induce mitochondrial mutations via the rearrangement of mtDNA sequences (Abdelnoor et al., 2003; Kuzmin et al., 2005; see Chapter 2). This is the case for the non-chromosomal stripe (NCS) mutations of maize, most of which arose in particular genetic backgrounds (Shumway and Bauman, 1967; Newton and Coe, 1986). However, most of the mitochondrial mutations induced by such genotypes can be maintained only in the heteroplasmic state. In vitro culture can be used to recover mitochondrial genomic variations, some of which are associated with remarkable phenotypes (Chetritet al., 1992; Lillyet al., 2001; Bartoszewskiet al., 2004). Again, the scarcity of phenotypes and of homoplasmy among plants recovered from in vitro culture suggests that there is a strong need for an unaltered mitochondrial genome in plants. However, in vitro culture can also be used to create new mitochondrial genomes via the recombination of two different parental mitochondrial genomes after protoplast fusion (Belliard et al., 1979). When viable plants carrying recombined mitochondrial genomes can be regenerated, the most dramatic phenotypic effects concern flower morphology and pollen production (Belliard et al., 1979; Leino etal., 2003; Zubkoet al., 2003). It should be stressed that the recombined mitochondrial genomes generated by protoplast fusion experiments should not be regarded as new mutations resulting from genuine mutagenesis. They correspond instead to the sampling and redistribution of mitochondrial genes from the parent plants, and can therefore be considered as intermediate stages between the normal homoplasmic situation of the parents and the alloplasmic situation obtained following cytoplasm exchange in sexual crosses. Indeed, the phenotypes of plants carrying recombined mitochondrial genomes resulting from protoplast fusion experiments are generally intermediate between normality and severely affected alloplasmic lines (Belliard
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
NEWTON, KJ;KNUDSEN, C;LAUGHNAN, JR
通讯作者：
LAUGHNAN, JR
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
HUNT, MD;NEWTON, KJ
通讯作者：
NEWTON, KJ