Alzheimer's disease: presence and role of microRNAs.
Alzheimer's disease: presence and role of microRNAs.
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DOI：
10.1515/bmc-2016-0014
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
de Lencastre A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Basavaraju M;de Lencastre A
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，占痴呆症的大多数病例。AD影响全球超过2500万人，预计到2050年，全球每85人中就有1人受到影响。AD的特征在于β-淀粉样肽（Aβ）的致密斑块和过度磷酸化tau的神经元缠结的积累，其导致记忆、认知和日常活动的损害。虽然早发性AD与几种突变有关，但缺乏晚发性AD的可靠遗传标记。此外，AD生物标志物的诊断有其局限性，不能检测早期AD。因此，识别AD的准确、早期和非侵入性生物标志物是一个尚未满足的挑战。近年来，micro-RNA（miRNAs）作为一类在发育和疾病中具有保守作用的基因调控元件而出现。最近的发现揭示了miRNA在衰老过程中在几种模式生物中的作用，并确定了AD的潜在miRNA生物标志物。在这里，我们将讨论与AD相关的miRNAs这一新兴领域，并展望未来。
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for the most cases of dementia. AD affects more than 25 million people globally and is predicted to affect nearly one in 85 people worldwide by 2050. AD is characterized by the accumulation of dense plaques of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau that cause impairment in memory, cognition, and daily activities. Although early-onset AD has been linked to several mutations, reliable genetic markers for late-onset AD are lacking. Further, the diagnosis of AD biomarkers has its limitations and cannot detect early-stage AD. The identification of accurate, early, and non-invasive biomarkers for AD is, therefore, an unmet challenge. Recently, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of gene regulatory elements with conserved roles in development and disease. Recent discoveries have uncovered roles of miRNAs in several model organisms during aging and have identified potential miRNAs biomarkers of AD. Here we will discuss this emerging field of miRNAs associated with AD and prospects for the future.