The impact of grazing on spider communities in a mesophytic calcareous dune grassland
The impact of grazing on spider communities in a mesophytic calcareous dune grassland
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放牧对中生钙质沙丘草原蜘蛛群落的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Hoffmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Bonte;J. Maelfait;M. Hoffmann
1994-1995年和1997-1998年，在比利时植物学丰富的中生石灰性沙丘草原上，用陷阱对蜘蛛进行了采样。由于集约化放牧，该地区大部分地区的植被变化已经减少。研究区域也被兔子零星地放牧。TWINSPAN的群落分析显示，有5个不同的蜘蛛群落。生态分化最好的解释是生境变量的组合：夏季和冬季与放牧或非放牧植被的距离、小叶月季盖度和草地盖度。放牧与非放牧交界处物种多样性最高，最丰富的蜘蛛物种与植被决定因素的相关性解释了蜘蛛群落之间的生态分化。物种被划分为反映物种栖息地偏好的七个主要类群。与非放牧的高大植被明显相关的群体由常见物种组成。集约化放牧地的特征物种是常见的航空种和稀有物种，如白头翁、黑腹水母、长尾金龟子和长尾金龟子。后者被证明依赖于未放牧的植被来发育和越冬。密集放牧导致同质的短植被，只能由具有良好扩散能力的“开阔地”物种或不依赖于幼体发育的枯枝落叶情况的物种来定居。广泛的放牧制度导致了斑驳的马赛克草原，在那里，除了上述物种组外，其他物种通过在缓冲的凋落物丰富的未放牧植被和短植被之间迁徙而生存。此外，一些典型和稀有物种更喜欢放牧和非放牧植被之间的过渡区，因为它们与特定的栖息地结构或栖息的蚂蚁物种有关。
During 1994–1995 and 1997–1998 spiders were sampled with pitfall traps in a botanically rich, mesophytic, calcareous dune grassland in Belgium. As a consequence of intensive cattle grazing, vegetation variation in a large part of the area had diminished. The study area was also patchily grazed by rabbits. Community analysis with TWINSPAN revealed five distinct spider communities. Ecological differentiation was best explained by combination of the habitat variables: distance from grazed or non-grazed vegetation,Rosa pimpinellifolia cover and grass cover in both summer and winter. Species diversity was highest in the border zone between the cattle-grazed and non cattle-grazed sites.Correlation of the most abundant spider species with the vegetation determinants explains the ecological differentiation between the spider communities. Species were classified into seven major groups that reflect the species’ habitat preferences. The group showing clear association with non cattle-grazed, tall vegetation consists of common species. Characteristic species for the intensively cattle-grazed sites are common aeronauts and rare species such asWalckenaeria stylifrons, Mastigusa arietina, Ceratinopsis romana andPardosa monticola. The latter are shown to be dependent on ungrazed vegetation for juvenile development and overwintering. Intensive grazing results in homogeneous short vegetation, which can only be colonized by ‘open ground’ species with a well-developed dispersal capacity, or by species which are not dependent on litter-rich situations for juvenile development. An extensive cattle grazing regime results in a patchy mosaic grassland where, in addition to the above mentioned groups of species, other species survive by migrating between the buffered litter rich ungrazed vegetation and the short vegetation. Additionally, some typical and rare species prefer the transition zone between the grazed and the ungrazed vegetation because they are associated with specific habitat structures or inhabiting ant-species.