To catch a killer. What can mycobacterial models teach us about Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis?
To catch a killer. What can mycobacterial models teach us about Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mib.2009.11.006
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发表时间：
2010-02
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Champion, Patricia A. DiGiuseppe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shiloh, Michael U.;Champion, Patricia A. DiGiuseppe
结核分枝杆菌是全球结核病流行的病原体。为了对抗这种成功的人类病原体，我们需要更好地了解分枝杆菌发病机制的基本生物学。分枝杆菌模型系统的使用有可能极大地促进我们对结核分枝杆菌如何引起疾病的理解。最近，使用分枝杆菌模型的研究，包括牛分枝杆菌卡介苗、海洋分枝杆菌和耻垢分枝杆菌，对了解结核分枝杆菌做出了重大贡献。具体来说，在利用诱导启动子和重组对结核分枝杆菌进行基因操作方面取得了进展，减轻了与分枝杆菌一起工作的技术限制。模型系统有助于阐明分泌系统如何在分子水平和毒力期间发挥作用。分枝杆菌模型也导致了关于结核分枝杆菌如何介导潜伏感染和宿主反应的有趣假设。虽然使用模型系统来了解结核病是有用的，但这些模型中的每一个都代表了具有独特环境适应性的不同分枝杆菌种类。直接比较模型分枝杆菌与结核分枝杆菌的发现将阐明这些物种之间的异同，并增加我们对结核分枝杆菌为何是如此强大的人类病原体的理解。
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of the global tuberculosis epidemic. To combat this successful human pathogen we need a better understanding of the basic biology of mycobacterial pathogenesis. The use of mycobacterial model systems has the potential to greatly facilitate our understanding of how M. tuberculosis causes disease. Recently, studies using mycobacterial models, including M. bovis BCG, M. marinum and M. smegmatis have significantly contributed to understanding M. tuberculosis. Specifically, there have been advances in genetic manipulation of M. tuberculosis using inducible promoters and recombineering that alleviate technical limitations in working with mycobacteria. Model systems have helped elucidate how secretion systems function at both the molecular level and during virulence. Mycobacterial models have also led to interesting hypotheses about how M. tuberculosis mediates latent infection and host response. While there is utility in using model systems to understand tuberculosis, each of these models represent distinct mycobacterial species with unique environmental adaptations. Directly comparing findings in model mycobacteria to those in M. tuberculosis will illuminate the similarities and differences between these species and increase our understanding of why M. tuberculosis is such a potent human pathogen.
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