In vivo quantification of lead in bone with a portable x-ray fluorescence system--methodology and feasibility.
In vivo quantification of lead in bone with a portable x-ray fluorescence system--methodology and feasibility.
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DOI：
10.1088/0031-9155/56/3/n01
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发表时间：
2011-02-07
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Weisskopf MG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nie LH;Sanchez S;Newton K;Grodzins L;Cleveland RO;Weisskopf MG
本研究旨在探讨开发便携式XRF技术定量体内骨铅（Pb）的方法和可行性。建立便携式XRF定量仪，选择最佳电压、电流和滤波器组合设置，以达到最低检出限。通过蒙特卡罗模拟计算了受试者的最小辐射剂量。超声设备用于测量软组织厚度，以考虑信号衰减，并开发了一种从XRF光谱获得软组织厚度的替代方法，并证明其与超声测量等效（类内相关系数，ICC=0.82）。我们测试了标准KXRF技术和便携式XRF技术在体内骨铅浓度的相关性。标准KXRF技术测定的骨铅浓度与便携式XRF技术测定的骨铅浓度存在显著相关性（ICC=0.65）。便携式XRF装置的检出限约为8.4 ppm，软组织厚度为2mm。照射到人体皮肤的入口剂量约为13毫西沃特，人体总有效剂量约为1.5 μ西沃特，辐射风险最小。综上所述，便携式XRF技术可用于体内骨铅测量，其灵敏度与KXRF技术相当，且与KXRF测量结果具有良好的相关性。
This study was conducted to investigate the methodology and feasibility of developing a portable XRF technology to quantify lead (Pb) in bone in vivo. A portable XRF device was set up and optimal setting of voltage, current, and filter combination for bone lead quantification were selected to achieve the lowest detection limit. The minimum radiation dose delivered to the subject was calculated by Monte Carlo simulations. An ultrasound device was used to measure soft tissue thickness to account for signal attenuation, and an alternative method to obtain soft tissue thickness from the XRF spectrum was developed and shown to be equivalent to the ultrasound measurements (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient, ICC=0.82). We tested the correlation of in vivo bone lead concentrations between the standard KXRF technology and the portable XRF technology. There was a significant correlation between the bone lead concentrations obtained from the standard KXRF technology and those obtained from the portable XRF technology (ICC=0.65). The detection limit for the portable XRF device was about 8.4 ppm with 2 mm soft tissue thickness. The entrance skin dose delivered to the human subject was about 13 mSv and the total body effective dose was about 1.5 μSv and should pose a minimal radiation risk. In conclusion, portable XRF technology can be used for in vivo bone lead measurement with sensitivity comparable to the KXRF technology and good correlation with KXRF measurements.