Bilingual picture-word studies constrain theories of lexical selection
Bilingual picture-word studies constrain theories of lexical selection
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00381
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hall, Matthew L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hall, Matthew L.
词汇选择是否是通过竞争是当前单语语言生成研究争论的主题。在这里，我考虑来自双语者的现有数据是否可以为这场辩论提供信息。在双语中，接受通过竞争进行词汇选择概念的理论分为两种，一种是在所有词汇节点之间提出竞争，另一种是将竞争限制在目标语言的节点上。另一种观点完全拒绝竞争选择，将选择轨迹放在语音输出缓冲区中，其中一些潜在响应比其他响应更容易被排除。这些理论对双语者在非目标反应被激活时命名图片的速度做出了对比预测。在第 1 部分中，我建立了任何成功理论都必须考虑的经验事实。在第 2 部分中，我评估每种理论对数据的解释程度。我认为数据并不支持拒绝通过竞争进行词汇选择的理论，并且尽管可以改变选择竞争仅限于目标语言的理论以适应数据，但这样做将从根本上破坏其立场的明确性。通过目标语言词典和非目标语言词典的竞争进行选择的理论也必须进行修改以解释数据，但这些修改对于模型的理论推动力来说是相对外围的。在整个过程中，我确定了我们的经验事实稀疏、薄弱或缺失的领域，并提出了额外的实验，这些实验应该有助于进一步确定词汇选择在单语和双语中的工作原理。
Whether lexical selection is by competition is the subject of current debate in studies of monolingual language production. Here, I consider whether extant data from bilinguals can inform this debate. In bilinguals, theories that accept the notion of lexical selection by competition are divided between those positing competition among all lexical nodes vs. those that restrict competition to nodes in the target language only. An alternative view rejects selection by competition altogether, putting the locus of selection in a phonological output buffer, where some potential responses are easier to exclude than others. These theories make contrasting predictions about how quickly bilinguals should name pictures when non-target responses are activated. In Part 1, I establish the empirical facts for which any successful theory must account. In Part 2, I evaluate how well each theory accounts for the data. I argue that the data do not support theories that reject lexical selection by competition, and that although theories where competition for selection is restricted to the target language can be altered to fit the data, doing so would fundamentally undermine the distinctness of their position. Theories where selection is by competition throughout both target and non-target language lexicons must also be modified to account for the data, but these modifications are relatively peripheral to the theoretical impetus of the model. Throughout, I identify areas where our empirical facts are sparse, weak, or absent, and propose additional experiments that should help to further establish how lexical selection works, in both monolinguals and bilinguals.