Biological structures as a source of habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity on the deep ocean margins
Biological structures as a source of habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity on the deep ocean margins
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00359.x
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Raes, Maarten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buhl-Mortensen, Lene;Vanreusel, Ann;Raes, Maarten
生物结构对大陆深部边缘的局部和区域尺度上的物种多样性都有重大影响。一些生物利用其他物种作为依附、庇护、取食或寄生的底物，但这种联系也可能带来互惠互利。在这里，我们重点介绍珊瑚、海洋围栏、海绵和异藻生物为其他生物提供的栖息地的结构属性和生物效应。生物结构的环境环境影响着它们的物种组成。底栖生物作为底物的重要性似乎随着深度的增加而增加，因为周围地质底物的复杂性和食物供应的减少。形成生境的类群之间的互惠关系程度存在显著差异。这对于珊瑚和柳珊瑚来说尤其明显，它们有大量的兼性共生体(共生体)和很少的专性共生体(互助体)，以及柳珊瑚，它们的共生体很少，但有很多专性共生体。栖息地形成生物的大小、灵活性和结构复杂性与固着种和活动种的物种多样性呈正相关。这主要体现在与寄主有兼性关系的共生物种上。生物结构的架构以及生物相互作用提高了栖息地的复杂性。菌落形态对悬浮喂食器的喂食效率有很大影响。悬浮摄食、栖息地形成生物改变环境以优化它们对食物的摄取。这种环境优势也传递给相关的滤食性物种。人们对这些影响知之甚少，但它们代表了理解大陆边缘生态系统和生物多样性的关键点。在这篇文章中，我们探索了生物及其创造的生物结构(而不是物理修饰)对大陆深部边缘栖息地的异质性和多样性的贡献。
Biological structures exert a major influence on species diversity at both local and regional scales on deep continental margins. Some organisms use other species as substrates for attachment, shelter, feeding or parasitism, but there may also be Mutual benefits from the association. Here, we highlight the structural attributes and biotic effects of the habitats that corals, sea pens, sponges and xenophyophores offer other organisms. The environmental setting of the biological structures influences their species composition. The importance of benthic species as substrates seems to increase with depth as the complexity of the surrounding geological substrate and food supply decline. There are marked differences in the degree of mutualistic relationships between habitat-forming taxa. This is especially evident for scleractinian corals, which have high numbers of facultative associates (commensals) and few obligate associates (mutualists), and gorgonians, with their few commensals and many obligate associates. Size, flexibility and architectural complexity of the habitat-forming organism are positively related to species diversity for both sessile and mobile species. This is mainly evident for commensal species sharing a facultative relationship with their host. Habitat complexity is enhanced by the architecture of biological structures, as well as by biological interactions. Colony morphology has a great influence on feeding efficiency for suspension feeders. Suspension feeding, habitat-forming organisms modify the environment to optimize their food uptake. This environmental advantage is also passed on to associated filter-feeding species. These effects are poorly understood but represent key points for understanding ecosystems and biodiversity on continental margins. In this paper we explore the contributions of organisms and the biotic structures they create (rather than physical modifications) to habitat heterogeneity and diversity on the deep continental margins.