Nanobodies as a powerful platform for biomedicine.
Nanobodies as a powerful platform for biomedicine.
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纳米抗体作为生物医学的强大平台。
DOI：
10.1016/j.molmed.2022.08.007
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Shi,Yi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shen,Zhuolun;Sang,Zhe;Shi,Yi
纳米体是来自骆驼重链抗体的小单体结合模块。尽管缺少轻链，纳米体仍保持着不受损害的结合能力。β-夹心折叠支持呈现三个互补决定区(CDR)来结合抗原。由CDRs形成的凸形对位和纳米体的扁平结构允许进入抗原上的小裂隙，这些裂隙通常很难被传统的IgG识别。纳米体因其独特的物理化学性质而引起人们的兴趣，但主要是因为它们在蛋白质工程中的多功能性，例如：(I)具有增强亲和力或功能的多价和多对位/特定结构；(Ii)白蛋白靶向，具有量身定制的半衰期延长；(Iii)靶向递送放射性同位素、蛋白质、化疗结合物、纳米颗粒或病毒载体。纳米抗体与各种疾病的诊断和治疗有关，包括癌症、自身免疫性疾病和感染。
Nanobodies are small monomeric binding modules derived from camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies. Despite lacking a light chain, nanobodies retain unimpaired binding ability. A beta-sandwich fold supports the presentation of three complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) to bind antigens. The convex-shaped paratope formed by CDRs and the oblate structure of nanobodies grant access to small clefts on the antigen, often difficult to recognize by conventional IgGs.Nanobodies are of interest for their unique physiochemical properties, but mostly for their versatility in protein engineering, eg for (i) multivalent and multi-paratopic/specific constructs with enhanced avidity or functions;(ii) albumin-targeting featuring tailored half-live extension;(iii) targeted delivery of radioisotopes, proteins, chemotherapeutic conjugates, nanoparticles or viral vectors. Nanobodies are relevant for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders and infections.