A global survey of perfluorinated acids in oceans.
A global survey of perfluorinated acids in oceans.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.026
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
N. Yamashita;K. Kannan;S. Taniyasu;Y. Horii;G. Petrick;T. Gamo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Yamashita;K. Kannan;S. Taniyasu;Y. Horii;G. Petrick;T. Gamo
全氟酸及其盐类已成为一类重要的全球环境污染物。利用海洋生物组织进行的生物监测调查报告称，全氟辛烷磺酸和相关全氟化合物存在于包括北冰洋和南极洋在内的各种海洋的生物群中。全氟化合物在偏远海域的出现令人关切，这表明有必要开展研究，以追踪这些化合物的来源和进入海洋的途径。由于程序或仪器空白产生的相对较高的背景水平，阻碍了测定水介质的万亿分之一（ng/L）或千分之一（pg/L）浓度。我们的研究小组开发了一种可靠和高灵敏度的分析方法，用于监测海洋沃茨中的全氟化合物。所开发的方法能够检测海洋沃茨中几皮克/升的全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟己烷磺酸盐（PFHS）、全氟丁烷磺酸盐（PFBS）、全氟辛酸盐（PFOA）、全氟壬酸盐（PFNA）和全氟辛烷磺酰胺（PFOSA）。该方法适用于2002-2004年期间在中东太平洋（19个地点），南中国海和苏禄海（5个），北大西洋和中大西洋（12个）和拉布拉多海（20个）进行的几次国际研究航行中收集的海水样品。另外还分析了来自几个亚洲国家（日本、中国、韩国）的50个沿海海水样本。在日本沿海地区采集的水样中发现的全氟辛酸含量为几千皮克/升，在太平洋中部则为几十皮克/升。全氟辛酸是在海洋沃茨中检测到的主要污染物，其次是全氟辛烷磺酸。目前正在开展进一步研究，以阐明全氟化酸在海洋中的分布和归宿。
Perfluorinated acids and their salts have emerged as an important class of global environmental contaminants. Biological monitoring surveys conducted using tissues of marine organisms reported the occurrence of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and related perfluorinated compounds in biota from various seas and oceans, including the Arctic and the Antarctic Oceans. Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in remote marine locations is of concern and indicates the need for studies to trace sources and pathways of these compounds to the oceans. Determination of sub-parts-per-trillion (ng/L) or parts-per-quadrillion (pg/L) concentrations of aqueous media has been impeded by relatively high background levels arising from procedural or instrumental blanks. Our research group has developed a reliable and highly sensitive analytical method by which to monitor perfluorinated compounds in oceanic waters. The method developed is capable of detecting PFOS, perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHS), perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), and perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) at a few pg/L in oceanic waters. The method was applied to seawater samples collected during several international research cruises undertaken during 2002–2004 in the central to eastern Pacific Ocean (19 locations), South China Sea and Sulu Seas (five), north and mid Atlantic Ocean (12), and the Labrador Sea (20). An additional 50 samples of coastal seawater from several Asian countries (Japan, China, Korea) were analyzed. PFOA was found at levels ranging from several thousands of pg/L in water samples collected from coastal areas in Japan to a few tens of pg/L in the central Pacific Ocean. PFOA was the major contaminant detected in oceanic waters, followed by PFOS. Further studies are being conducted to elucidate the distribution and fate of perfluorinated acids in oceans.