Tyramine and octopamine have opposite effects on the locomotion of Drosophila larvae
Tyramine and octopamine have opposite effects on the locomotion of Drosophila larvae
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DOI：
10.1002/neu.10298
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wu, CF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Saraswati, S;Fox, LE;Wu, CF
生物胺被认为在行为产生中起重要作用。虽然一些生物胺在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中已被广泛研究，但对痕量胺如酪胺和章鱼胺的影响知之甚少。我们研究了微量胺如何影响行为，使用定量形态测量方法对果蝇Tbetah（nM18）和iav（N）突变体，改变了酪胺和章鱼胺的水平。使用动态图像分析系统（DIAS）软件分析野生型和突变体三龄幼虫的运动。我们发现，Tbetah（nM18）突变体，酪胺水平升高，章鱼胺水平降低，有严重的运动表型。突变体幼虫花费更多的时间在停顿情节比野生型幼虫，并显示出速度和线性移位的减少。运动表型部分获救Tbetah（NM 18）幼虫章鱼胺，效果可以与同时喂养酪胺无效。喂食Tbetah（nM18）幼虫育亨宾，一种抑制果蝇酪胺受体活性的药物，也改善了一些运动参数。同时喂饲章鱼胺和育亨宾进一步提高了救援效率。相反，在iav（N）幼虫中同时降低章鱼胺和酪胺水平，导致比Tbetah（nM18）突变体更不严重的行为表型。饲喂iav（N）幼虫酪胺或章鱼胺仅对运动产生轻微改善。这些结果表明，酪胺和章鱼胺对果蝇幼虫的运动调节有相反的作用，两者之间的平衡对产生正常的行为很重要。(C)2003 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Biogenic amines are believed to play important roles in producing behaviors. Although some biogenic amines have been extensively studied in both vertebrates and invertebrates, little is known about the effects of trace amines like tyramine and octopamine. We investigated how trace amines affect behaviors using quantitative morphometric methods on Drosophila Tbetah(nM18) and iav(N) mutants that have altered levels of tyramine and octopamine. Locomotion of wild-type and mutant third instar larvae was analyzed using Dynamic Image Analysis System (DIAS) software. We found that Tbetah(nM18) mutants, with elevated tyramine levels and reduced octopamine levels, had a severe locomotion phenotype. Mutant larvae spent much more time in pausing episodes than wild-type larvae and displayed a reduction in speed and linear translocation. The locomotion phenotype was partially rescued by feeding Tbetah(nM18) larvae octopamine, an effect that could be nullified with simultaneous feeding of tyramine. Feeding Tbetah(nM18) larvae yohimbine, an agent that inhibits the activity of Drosophila tyramine receptors, also improved some locomotion parameters. Feeding both octopamine and yohimbine further improved rescue efficiency. Simultaneously reducing the octopamine and tyramine levels as in iav(N) larvae, in contrast, led to a less severe behavioral phenotype than that of Tbetah(nM18) mutants. Feeding iav(N) larvae either tyramine or octopamine exerted only a minor improvement in locomotion. These results suggest that tyramine and octopamine have opposite effects on Drosophila larval locomotion regulation and that a balance between the two is important in producing normal behavior. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.