Fast deflagration to detonation transition of energetic material based on a quasi-core/shell structured nanothermite composite
Fast deflagration to detonation transition of energetic material based on a quasi-core/shell structured nanothermite composite
复制标题
基于准核/壳结构纳米铝热剂复合材料的含能材料的快速爆燃到爆轰转变
DOI：
10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.12.005
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发表时间：
2015-02-11
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Zhang, Kaili
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qiao, Zhigiang;Shen, Jinpeng;Zhang, Kaili
纳米金属氧化物(又称亚稳态分子间复合材料)由纳米金属和金属氧化物组成，在过去的二十年里作为含能材料引起了人们越来越大的兴趣。纳米铝热剂的能量密度是2，4，6-三硝基苯的两倍，其纳米结构、功能、能量释放和反应性能都在不断改进。然而，这些材料由于反应气体的低膨胀和不能燃烧到爆轰转变(DDT)而受到低压力的影响。快速DDT不仅是提高纳米热剂的反应速度和输出压力所必需的，而且也是其他单分子有机含能材料，如环三亚甲基三硝胺(RDX)和奥克托今(Octogen)的反应速度和输出压力所必需的。因此，本研究旨在生产安全、绿色、无重金属的含能复合材料。提出了以Fe_2O_3-Al纳米热源为基础，制备准核/壳结构的RDX@Fe_2O_3-Al的快速DDT加速策略。还介绍了一种表面改性和超声合成技术。扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱分析表明，该材料由RDX核和Fe_2O_3-Al纳米铝热剂壳层组成。密闭容器燃烧试验结果表明，RDX@Fe_2O_3-Al的燃烧速度加快，平均增压速率为2.527 MPahl。滴滴涕管试验进一步证实，滴滴涕加速到起爆药水平，此时滴滴涕从运行到爆轰的距离低于试验条件限制(
Nanothermites (also called metastable intermolecular composites), composed of nanoscale metals and metal oxides, have drawn increasing interests as energetic materials over the past two decades. Nanothermites have twice the energy density of 2,4,6-trinitroluene, and their nanostructures, functions, energy release, and reaction performance are continuously being improved. However, these materials suffer from low pressure because of low gas expansion from the reaction and incapability of deflagration to detonation transition (DDT). Fast DDT is necessary to substantially improve the reaction velocity and output pressure not only of nanothermites but also of other monomolecular organic energetic materials, such as cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and octogen. Accordingly, this study aims to produce energetic composites material that are safe, green, and free from heavy metals. A strategy of rapid DDT acceleration is proposed by fabricating quasi-core/shell structured materials of RDX@Fe2O3-Al based on Fe2O3-Al nanothermites. A surface modifying and ultrasonic synthesis technology is also demonstrated. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations prove that the material comprises an RDX core and an Fe2O3-Al nanothermite shell. Results of closed vessel combustion tests show that the RDX@Fe2O3-Al combustion velocity accelerates to an average pressurization rate of 2.527 MPahls. DDT tube tests further confirm that DDT accelerates to a primer explosive level in which the run-to-detonation distances of DDT is below the test-condition limitation (