Granular flows in drums of non-uniform widths

Granular flows in drums of non-uniform widths
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宽度不均匀的滚筒中的颗粒流

DOI:
10.1017/jfm.2022.885
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Hill, Kimberly M.
Hill, Kimberly M.
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hung, Chi-Yao;Chen, Tzu-Yin Kasha;Wang, I-Hsuan;Hill, Kimberly M.

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我们研究了通道宽度的变化如何影响自由表面颗粒流的动力学。为此,我们扩展了一个连续体模型框架,通过狭窄或加宽的通道通过颗粒流。我们的理论使用一个线性化的近似建立的致密颗粒流流变学和库仑摩擦定律来模拟流动和侧壁之间的相互作用。我们测试的理论预测,使用两个新的40厘米直径的鼓(凸和凹)充满了一半的2毫米直径的颗粒旋转的剪切层保持浅和密集的速率。我们应用粒子跟踪测速技术,使实验数据和理论预测之间的定量比较。我们发现,我们的实验运动学和能量分布在很大程度上同意的理论预测。一般来说,通过狭窄渠道的流动比通过拓宽渠道的流动更快、更深。宽度变化的影响随着流速的增加而增加,并且速率依赖性的形式从根本上改变,因为制度从动能被局部耗散到它被平流输送到下游的制度。对于这两种制度,理论缩放分析导致我们实验验证的幂律,其中的指数取决于流态,和乘法系数取决于通道的几何形状。最后,我们讨论了理论预测和实验数据之间的差异如何有助于提高我们对非均匀通道流动的理解。
We study how channel width variations influence the dynamics of free-surface granular flows. For this purpose, we extend a continuum model framework to granular flows passing through channels that narrow or widen. Our theory uses a linearized approximation to an established dense granular flow rheology and a Coulomb friction law to model interaction between flow and sidewalls. We test the theoretical predictions using two novel 40 cm-diameter drums (convex and concave) filled halfway with 2 mm diameter particles rotated at rates in which the shear layer remains shallow and dense. We apply particle tracking velocimetry to enable quantitative comparisons between experimental data and theoretical predictions. We find that our experimental kinematics and energy profiles largely agree with the theoretical predictions. In general, flows through narrowing channels are faster and deeper than flows through widening channels. The influence of width variations grows with increasing flow speed, and the form of the rate dependence changes fundamentally as the regime changes from one in which kinetic energy is dissipated locally to one in which it is advected downstream. For both regimes, theoretical scaling analysis leads us to experimentally validated power laws, in which the exponent depends on the flow regime, and the multiplicative coefficient depends on channel geometry alone. Finally, we discuss how the differences between theoretical predictions and experimental data may be useful for improving our understanding of flows through non-uniform channels.
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