Risk for Alcoholism and Individual Differences in the Stress-Response-Dampening Effect of Alcohol
Risk for Alcoholism and Individual Differences in the Stress-Response-Dampening Effect of Alcohol
复制标题
酗酒的风险和酒精的压力反应抑制作用的个体差异
DOI：
10.1037//0021-843x.91.5.350
复制
发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
R. Levenson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Sher;R. Levenson
在两个实验中，发现1 g/kg剂量的酒精对压力的生理和情感反应的影响的个体差异与被认为与酗酒风险有关的特征有关。在第一项研究中，95名男性非酒精中毒者，被认为是在明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）的麦克安德鲁酒精中毒量表（MAC）高分的基础上酒精中毒的高风险的受试者被发现，当他们饮酒时，他们的心血管和情感反应比他们的低风险对照组明显减少。在第二项研究中，82名男性非酗酒者，当根据加州心理量表的社会化（So）量表的低得分（或根据MAC和So的综合风险）预测风险时，观察到了类似的心血管应激反应结果。这些结果被解释为表明，外向的，侵略性的，冲动的，和反社会的个人谁是确定这些措施（和谁已被证明有很高的发病率酗酒的前瞻性研究）可能会发现酒精消费特别加强凭借他们获得更大量的酒精的压力反应抑制（SRD）的影响，当他们喝酒。这些研究结果沿着与那些关注酒精对预应激生理和情感水平的影响进行了讨论，并提出了一个病因模型，酒精中毒，将个体差异的SRD效应。
In two experiments, individual differences in the effects of a 1 g/kg dose of alcohol on physiological and affective responses to stress were found to be related to characteristics thought to relate to risk for alcoholism. In the first study of 95 male nonalcoholics, subjects considered to be at heightened risk for alcoholism on the basis of high scores on the MacAndrew Alcoholism scale (MAC) of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were found to show much more pronounced reduction of their cardiovascular and affective responses to stress when they consumed alcohol than did their low-risk controls. In the second study of 82 male nonalcoholics, a similar finding for cardiovascular responses to stress was observed when risk was predicated on the basis of low scores on the Socialization (So) scale of the California Psychological Inventory (or on the basis of combined risk on both the MAC and So). These results are interpreted as indicating that the outgoing, aggressive, impulsive, and antisocial individuals who are identified by these measures (and who have been shown to have a high incidence of alcoholism in prospective studies) may find alcohol consumption particularly reinforcing by virtue of their obtaining a greater amount of alcohol's stress-response-dampening (SRD) effect when they drink. These findings along with those concerned with the effects of alcohol on prestressor physiological and affective levels are discussed, and an etiological model of alcoholism that incorporates individual differences in the SRD effects is proposed.