AGE PREFERENCES IN MATES REFLECT SEX-DIFFERENCES IN REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
AGE PREFERENCES IN MATES REFLECT SEX-DIFFERENCES IN REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES
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DOI：
10.1017/s0140525x00067595
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发表时间：
1992-03-01
影响因子：
29.3
通讯作者：
KEEFE, RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KENRICK, DT;KEEFE, RC
社会心理学家从植根于传统性别角色规范的经济交换角度解释了这一发现，即女性被比自己年长的男性吸引，而男性被相对年轻的女性吸引。另一种进化模型表明，男性和女性遵循不同的生殖策略，并预测了性别和年龄偏好之间更复杂的关系。特别是，在交配初期，雄性对相对年轻的雌性的偏好应该是最小的，但随着雄性年龄的增长，应该会变得更加明显。年轻的雌性在早年会更喜欢年长的雄性，并且随着年龄的增长变化较小。我们简要回顾了相关理论，并给出了验证这一预测的六项研究的结果。研究1发现，在个人广告中表达的年龄偏好中的性别差异预测得到了支持。研究2用美国两个城市的婚姻统计数据支持了这一预测。研究3考察了这一现象的跨代稳健性，并在1923年以来的婚姻统计数据中发现了同样的模式。研究4重复研究1，使用来自两个欧洲国家和印度的婚姻广告。研究5发现，在菲律宾的一个小岛上，从1913年到1939年的婚姻记录中，有一个一致的模式。研究6发现，在经济上成功的美国女性和男性投放的单身广告中也存在同样的模式。我们考虑了以前对年龄偏好的规范性和进化性解释的局限性，并讨论了扩展以前的模型以包括生活史视角的优势。
Findings that women are attracted to men older than themselves whereas men are attracted to relatively younger women have been explained by social psychologists in terms of economic exchange rooted in traditional sex-role norms. An alternative evolutionary model suggests that males and females follow different reproductive strategies, and predicts a more complex relationship between gender and age preferences. In particular, males' preferences for relatively younger females should be minimal during early mating years, but should become more pronounced as the male gets older. Young females are expected to prefer somewhat older males during their early years and to change less as they age. We briefly review relevant theory, and present results of six studies testing this prediction. Study 1 finds support for this gender-differentiated prediction in age preferences expressed in personal advertisements. Study 2 supports the prediction with marriage statistics from two U.S. cities. Study 3 examines the cross-generational robustness of the phenomenon, and finds the same pattern in marriage statistics from 1923. Study 4 replicates Study 1 using matrimonial advertisements from two European countries, and from India. Study 5 finds a consistent pattern in marriages recorded from 1913 through 1939 on a small island in the Philippines. Study 6 reveals the same pattern in singles advertisements placed by financially successful American women and men. We consider the limitations of previous normative and evolutionary explanations of age preferences, and discuss the advantages of expanding previous models to include the life history perspective.