Interventions that effectively target Anopheles funestus mosquitoes could significantly improve control of persistent malaria transmission in south-eastern Tanzania
Interventions that effectively target Anopheles funestus mosquitoes could significantly improve control of persistent malaria transmission in south-eastern Tanzania
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0177807
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发表时间：
2017-05-18
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Okumu, Fredros O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kaindoa, Emmanuel W.;Matowo, Nancy S.;Okumu, Fredros O.
疟疾是由许多按蚊物种传播的，其比例因环境而异。我们重新评估了阿拉伯按蚊（Anopheles arabiensis）和不死按蚊（Anopheles funestus）的作用，并在坦桑尼亚东南部的一个地区检查了特定物种干预措施的潜在益处，在该地区，疟疾传播持续存在，大规模分发长效驱虫蚊帐（LLINs）四年后。在2015年1月至2016年1月期间，在2011年最后一次大规模分发长效驱虫蚊帐四年后，在三个村庄随机选择的家庭中使用CDC灯诱捕器和背包吸引器进行每月蚊子采样。采用多重聚合酶链反应（PCR）鉴定An的成员。funestus和冈比亚按蚊复合体。应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测蚊唾液腺中疟原虫子孢子，并对蚊血来源进行鉴定。世卫组织对野生捕获的雌性安氏按蚊进行了敏感性测定。funestus S.L，通过检查蚊子卵巢的产次来估计生理年龄。共计20,135人。arabiensis和4，759个An.葬礼被收集起来。安。死亡组占76.6%。funestus s.s，2.9%安.河生按蚊7.1%。leesoni和13.4%的未扩增样品。在所有疟原虫阳性的蚊子中，82.6%是按蚊。funestus s.s.14.0%为An.阿拉伯按蚊占3.4%。河流。一个. funestus和An.阿拉伯小蠊对年接种率的贡献率分别为86.21%和13.79%。一个.阿拉伯按蚊取食人（73.4%）、牛（22.0%）、狗（3.1%）和鸡（1.5%）。funestus专门以人类为食。安。对有机磷、甲基嘧啶磷和马拉硫磷的敏感率为100%，对氯菊酯、溴氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯和DDT的抗性率分别为10.5%、18.7%、18.7%和26.2%，对恶虫威和残杀威的敏感率分别为95%和90.1%。产次率以安市较高。funestus（65.8%）高于An.阿拉伯藓（44.1%）。虽然安。阿拉伯按蚊仍然是这里最丰富的病媒物种，其余的疟疾传播主要由按蚊介导。funestus，可能是由于高杀虫剂抗性和高生存概率。有效针对安的干预措施。因此，funestus蚊子可以大大改善坦桑尼亚东南部对疟疾持续传播的控制。
Malaria is transmitted by many Anopheles species whose proportionate contributions vary across settings. We re-assessed the roles of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus, and examined potential benefits of species-specific interventions in an area in southeastern Tanzania, where malaria transmission persists, four years after mass distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Monthly mosquito sampling was done in randomly selected households in three villages using CDC light traps and back-pack aspirators, between January-2015 and January-2016, four years after the last mass distribution of LLINs in 2011. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify members of An. funestus and Anopheles gambiae complexes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect Plasmodium sporozoites in mosquito salivary glands, and to identify sources of mosquito blood meals. WHO susceptibility assays were done on wild caught female An. funestus s.l, and physiological ages approximated by examining mosquito ovaries for parity. A total of 20,135 An. arabiensis and 4,759 An. funestus were collected. The An. funestus group consisted of 76.6% An. funestus s.s, 2.9% An. rivulorum, 7.1% An. leesoni, and 13.4% unamplified samples. Of all mosquitoes positive for Plasmodium, 82.6% were An. funestus s.s, 14.0% were An. arabiensis and 3.4% were An. rivulorum. An. funestus and An. arabiensis contributed 86.21% and 13.79% respectively, of annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR). An. arabiensis fed on humans (73.4%), cattle (22.0%), dogs (3.1%) and chicken (1.5%), but An. funestus fed exclusively on humans. The An. funestus populations were 100% susceptible to organophosphates, pirimiphos methyl and malathion, but resistant to permethrin (10.5% mortality), deltamethrin (18.7%), lambda-cyhalothrin (18.7%) and DDT (26.2%), and had reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb (95%) and propoxur (90.1%). Parity rate was higher in An. funestus (65.8%) than An. arabiensis (44.1%). Though An. arabiensis is still the most abundant vector species here, the remaining malaria transmission is predominantly mediated by An. funestus, possibly due to high insecticide resistance and high survival probabilities. Interventions that effectively target An. funestus mosquitoes could therefore significantly improve control of persistent malaria transmission in south-eastern Tanzania.