What are the fundamental modes of energy transfer and partitioning in the coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere system?
What are the fundamental modes of energy transfer and partitioning in the coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere system?
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DOI：
10.1007/s10686-022-09861-w
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
J. Rae;C. Forsyth;M. Dunlop;M. Palmroth;M. Lester;R. Friedel;G. Reeves;L. Kepko;Lucille Turc;C. Watt;W. Hajdas;T. Sarris;Yoshifumi Saito;O. Santolík;Y. Shprits;Chi Wang;A. Marchaudon;M. Berthomier;O. Marghitu;B. Hubert;M. Volwerk;E. Kronberg;I. Mann;K. Murphy;D. Miles;Z. Yao;A. Fazakerley;J. Sandhu;H. Allison;Q. Shi
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Rae;C. Forsyth;M. Dunlop;M. Palmroth;M. Lester;R. Friedel;G. Reeves;L. Kepko;Lucille Turc;C. Watt;W. Hajdas;T. Sarris;Yoshifumi Saito;O. Santolík;Y. Shprits;Chi Wang;A. Marchaudon;M. Berthomier;O. Marghitu;B. Hubert;M. Volwerk;E. Kronberg;I. Mann;K. Murphy;D. Miles;Z. Yao;A. Fazakerley;J. Sandhu;H. Allison;Q. Shi
大尺度电磁场和等离子体之间能量交换的基本过程在理论上已经得到了很好的理解，但在实践中这些理论还没有得到验证。这些过程普遍存在于所有等离子体中，特别是在行星磁层和其他磁环境中的高β和低β等离子体之间的界面处。虽然这种边界遍布等离子体宇宙，但负责释放储存的磁和热等离子体能量的过程尚未完全确定，每个过程的相对影响的重要性也是未知的。尽管在理解磁重联中通过将磁能转换为动能释放能量方面取得了进展，但过渡区中拉伸和更松弛的场线之间的区域中的极端压力如何通过等离子体和场的绝热对流平衡和释放仍然是一个谜。最近的理论进展和对大尺度不稳定性的预测必须加以检验。从本质上讲，对此负责的过程仍然知之甚少，问题也没有得到解决。向ESA 2050年航行电话会议提交的白色文件以及本文的内容的目的是强调三个突出的开放科学问题，这些问题具有明显的国际利益：（i）局部和全球等离子体物理过程的相互作用：（ii）电磁能和等离子体能之间的能量转换过程中的分配：以及（iii）什么过程驱动低β等离子体和高β等离子体之间的耦合。我们提出了一个讨论的新的测量和技术进步，从目前的国家的最先进的，和几个候选的使命配置文件，这些国际高优先级的科学目标可以显着推进。
The fundamental processes responsible for energy exchange between large-scale electromagnetic fields and plasma are well understood theoretically, but in practice these theories have not been tested. These processes are ubiquitous in all plasmas, especially at the interface between high and low beta plasmas in planetary magnetospheres and other magnetic environments. Although such boundaries pervade the plasma Universe, the processes responsible for the release of the stored magnetic and thermal plasma energy have not been fully identified and the importance of the relative impact of each process is unknown. Despite advances in understanding energy release through the conversion of magnetic to kinetic energy in magnetic reconnection, how the extreme pressures in the regions between stretched and more relaxed field lines in the transition region are balanced and released through adiabatic convection of plasma and fields is still a mystery. Recent theoretical advances and the predictions of large-scale instabilities must be tested. In essence, the processes responsible remain poorly understood and the problem unresolved. The aim of the White Paper submitted to ESA’s Voyage 2050 call, and the contents of this paper, is to highlight three outstanding open science questions that are of clear international interest: (i) the interplay of local and global plasma physics processes: (ii) the partitioning during energy conversion between electromagnetic and plasma energy: and (iii) what processes drive the coupling between low and high beta plasmas. We present a discussion of the new measurements and technological advances required from current state-of-the-art, and several candidate mission profiles with which these international high-priority science goals could be significantly advanced.