Wing motion measurement and aerodynamics of hovering true hoverflies
Wing motion measurement and aerodynamics of hovering true hoverflies
复制标题
真正悬停苍蝇的机翼运动测量和空气动力学
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.054874
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Sun, Mao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mou, Xiao Lei;Liu, Yan Peng;Sun, Mao
摘要大多数悬停昆虫在水平面上拍打翅膀（身体与水平面成大角度），称为“正常悬停”。但是一些最好的悬停者，例如真正的悬停者，以倾斜的行程平面悬停（身体近似水平）。本文利用三维高速摄像技术对四只自由悬停的真食蚜蝇的翅膀和身体运动进行了测量。在Navier-Stokes求解器中使用测量的翅膀运动学来计算昆虫的气动力。与正常悬停相比，悬停蝇的冲程幅度相对较小，范围为65至85度。在下降冲程中的迎角（150度）比上升冲程中的迎角（120度）大得多，不像正常悬停的昆虫，其下降冲程和上升冲程的迎角没有很大的不同。重量支撑力的主要部分（约86%）是在下降冲程中产生的，并且它由机翼的升力和阻力贡献，这与正常悬停情况不同，在正常悬停情况下，重量支撑力由两个半冲程贡献大致相等，并且升力原理主要用于产生力。在弹性储能为0和100%的情况下，质量比功率分别为38.59-46.3和27.5-35.4 W kg-1。与以往发表的正常悬停的真悬蝇的结果和通过人工使昆虫的行程平面水平所获得的结果的比较表明，对于真悬蝇，倾斜行程平面悬停的功率需求仅比正常悬停的功率需求大一点点（<10%）。
SUMMARY Most hovering insects flap their wings in a horizontal plane (body having a large angle from the horizontal), called `normal hovering'. But some of the best hoverers, e.g. true hoverflies, hover with an inclined stroke plane (body being approximately horizontal). In the present paper, wing and body kinematics of four freely hovering true hoverflies were measured using three-dimensional high-speed video. The measured wing kinematics was used in a Navier–Stokes solver to compute the aerodynamic forces of the insects. The stroke amplitude of the hoverflies was relatively small, ranging from 65 to 85 deg, compared with that of normal hovering. The angle of attack in the downstroke (∼50 deg) was much larger that in the upstroke (∼20 deg), unlike normal-hovering insects, whose downstroke and upstroke angles of attack are not very different. The major part of the weight-supporting force (approximately 86%) was produced in the downstroke and it was contributed by both the lift and the drag of the wing, unlike the normal-hovering case in which the weight-supporting force is approximately equally contributed by the two half-strokes and the lift principle is mainly used to produce the force. The mass-specific power was 38.59–46.3 and 27.5–35.4 W kg–1 in the cases of 0 and 100% elastic energy storage, respectively. Comparisons with previously published results of a normal-hovering true hoverfly and with results obtained by artificially making the insects' stroke planes horizontal show that for the true hoverflies, the power requirement for inclined stroke-plane hover is only a little (<10%) larger than that of normal hovering.