Groundwater flooding: Ecosystem structure following an extreme recharge event.
Groundwater flooding: Ecosystem structure following an extreme recharge event.
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地下水泛滥：极端补给事件后的生态系统结构。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.216
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reiss J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reiss J
1)含水层的补给来自地表水通过土壤和岩石的渗透以及与地表溪流和河流的连接。极端的降雨会导致地表沃茨泛滥，并最终导致地下沃茨泛滥。然而，营养物质的变化如何影响地下水生物和地下水食物网的结构在很大程度上是未知的。（营养、温度等）和生物（除病毒外的所有生物群）在白垩含水层两个地点的八个地下水钻孔中25周内的条件（十次抽样），在英国发生极端降雨和地下水洪水事件后。3）我们表明，地下水洪水会导致含水层大量的营养物施肥-营养物浓度（特别是溶解有机碳）在我们开始取样活动时最高，紧接着洪水事件，然后随着时间的推移而下降，而地下水位也下降到基线。4）开放水域中的细菌（即与沉积物无关的细菌）随着地下水位和DOC浓度的下降而变得更加丰富。重要的是，它们的功能丰富性跟踪DOC模式，说明细菌负责呼吸DOC。使用智能示踪剂测量的微生物代谢活动和细菌呼吸支持这一发现; DOC和微生物呼吸显示出正相关性。5）其他生物群（原生生物、微型和大型后生动物）随着时间的推移显示出不同的丰度模式，但重要的是，整个沉积物群落，从细菌到大型底栖动物物种，显示出强大的群落规模结构（平均规模谱斜率：-1.12）。尺寸谱随着时间的推移逐渐向陡峭的斜坡变化，除了在非常深的含水层中。6）我们的方法使我们能够证明地下水群落在其通常稳定的环境中跟踪极端变化，强调它们可能缓冲环境变化，尽管我们仍然不知道这种“服务”的限制可能是什么。
1)Aquifers are recharged by surface water percolating through soil and rock and by connections with surface streams and rivers. Extreme rainfall can cause extensive flooding of surface waters and, eventually, of groundwaters. However, how the resultant changes in nutrients impact groundwater organisms and the structure of groundwater food webs is largely unknown.2)We monitored abiotic (nutrients, temperature and more) and biotic (all organismal groups except viruses) conditions in eight groundwater boreholes in two locations in a chalk aquifer over the course of 25 weeks (ten sampling occasions), following an extreme rainfall- and groundwater-flooding event in the UK.3)We show that groundwater flooding can cause substantial nutrient fertilisation of aquifers – nutrient concentrations (especially dissolved organic carbon) in the groundwater were highest when we started the sampling campaign, directly following the flood event, and then decreased over time while groundwater levels also declined back to their baseline.4)Bacteria in the open water (i.e. bacteria not associated with sediment) became more abundant as the water table and DOC concentrations decreased. Importantly their functional richness tracked the DOC patterns, illustrating that bacteria were responsible for respiring DOC. Microbial metabolic activity and bacterial respiration, measured using smart tracers, supported this finding; DOC and microbial respiration showed a positive correlation.5)The other biota (protists, micro- and macro-metazoans) showed different abundance patterns over time, but importantly, the entire sediment community, ranging from bacteria to macrofaunal species, showed a strong community size structure (mean size spectra slope: −1.12). Size spectra changed gradually through time towards steeper slopes, except in the very deep aquifer.6)Our approach allowed us to demonstrate that groundwater communities track extreme changes in their usually stable environment, highlighting that they potentially buffer environmental change, although we still do not know what the limits of this ‘service’ might be.
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影响因子：
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