Evidence for Mid-Holocene Environmental Change in the Western Khabur Drainage, Northeastern Syria
Evidence for Mid-Holocene Environmental Change in the Western Khabur Drainage, Northeastern Syria
复制标题
叙利亚东北部西哈布尔流域全新世中期环境变化的证据
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-60616-8_3
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
F. Hole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Hole
叙利亚北部半干旱草原上的植被对降水模式的波动反应迅速，即使是很小的变化也可能妨碍自给农业的发展。对哈布尔流域西部的考古调查显示，周期性的人类居住对这些波动做出了反应。在公元前五世纪末四世纪初。河谷常年积水，表明水平衡比今天更加有利。在第三个千年初期地表稳定之前，这一时期的遗址被埋在两米深的沙子和砾石之下。这一时期，面积达30公顷的众多土地显示出良好的农业条件。公元前 2500 年之后不久，所有这些遗址都被废弃，直到第一个千年，该地区才再次被重新安置。随后的占领发生在罗马/拜占庭和伊斯兰时期（公元 622 年之后）。每个短暂的定居期都被废弃了1000年或更久。中世纪之后，直到最近，该地区主要由牧羊人组成的游牧部落占据。降水模式的变化可能是景观和人类住区变化的部分原因。
Vegetation on the semi-arid steppe of northern Syria responds quickly to fluctuations in patterns of precipitation and even small shifts may preclude subsistence agriculture. Archaeological survey in the western Khabur drainage has revealed periodic human settlement that responded to these fluctuations. During the late fifth-early fourth millennium B.C. the wadis held water perennially, indicating a more favorable water balance than today. Sites of this period were then buried beneath two meters of sands and gravels before the surface stabilized in the early third millennium. During this period, the numerous sites as large as 30 hectares indicate excellent conditions for agriculture. Shortly after 2500 B.C., all these sites were abandoned and the region was not again resettled until the first millennium. Subsequent occupations occured during the Roman/Byzantine and Islamic periods (after A. D. 622). The short periods of settlement were each separated by 1000 or more years of abandonment. After Medieval times, until recently, the region was occupied primarily by nomadic tribes of sheep herders. Changes in precipitation patterns probably account for some of these changes in the landscape and human settlement.