Which politicians receive abuse? Four factors illuminated in the UK general election 2019
Which politicians receive abuse? Four factors illuminated in the UK general election 2019
复制标题
哪些政客受到虐待？
DOI：
10.1140/epjds/s13688-020-00236-9
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Gorrell G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gorrell G
2019年英国大选是在网上对政客的敌意不断上升的背景下举行的，人们担心这对民主的影响，因为创纪录数量的政客将他们受到的虐待作为不参加连任的理由。我们提出了一个四因素框架，以了解谁接受在线虐待和为什么。这四个因素是突出，事件，在线参与和个人特征。我们收集了从11月初到12月12日选举后不久的六周内发送给或来自选举候选人的420万条推文。我们在候选人收到的回复中发现了4.46%的滥用，高于2017年英国大选匹配期间的3.27%。在整个2019年，滥用水平也在逐月攀升。在整个竞选期间，虐待行为也不断升级。滥用主要集中在少数知名政治家身上，最知名的个人不仅受到更多的滥用，而且在答复中所占的百分比也更高。滥用是“尖锐的”，由外部事件引发，如辩论或某些推文。一些推文可能会成为人身攻击的病毒目标。平均而言，男性受到更多的一般性和政治性虐待;女性受到更多的性别歧视虐待。保守党候选人受到更多的政治和一般性的辱骂。我们发现，选择不参加连任的个人在过去一年中受到了更多的虐待。
The 2019 UK general election took place against a background of rising online hostility levels toward politicians, and concerns about the impact of this on democracy, as a record number of politicians cited the abuse they had been receiving as a reason for not standing for re-election. We present a four-factor framework in understanding who receives online abuse and why. The four factors are prominence, events, online engagement and personal characteristics. We collected 4.2 million tweets sent to or from election candidates in the six week period spanning from the start of November until shortly after the December 12th election. We found abuse in 4.46% of replies received by candidates, up from 3.27% in the matching period for the 2017 UK general election. Abuse levels have also been climbing month on month throughout 2019. Abuse also escalated throughout the campaign period. Abuse focused mainly on a small number of high profile politicians, with the most prominent individuals receiving not only more abuse by volume, but also as a percentage of replies. Abuse is “spiky”, triggered by external events such as debates, or certain tweets. Some tweets may become viral targets for personal abuse. On average, men received more general and political abuse; women received more sexist abuse. Conservative candidates received more political and general abuse. We find that individuals choosing not to stand for re-election had received more abuse across the preceding year.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Social Informatics
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Rosalynd Southern;Emily Harmer
通讯作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
International Conference on Web and Social Media
影响因子：
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作者：
G. Gorrell;M. Greenwood;Ian Roberts;D. Maynard;Kalina Bontcheva
通讯作者：
Kalina Bontcheva
影响因子：
7.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1609/icwsm.v13i01.3359
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
ArXiv
影响因子：
--
作者：
Pushkal Agarwal;Nishanth R. Sastry;E. Wood
通讯作者：
E. Wood