Silicon limitation facilitates virus infection and mortality of marine diatoms
Silicon limitation facilitates virus infection and mortality of marine diatoms
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/s41564-019-0502-x
复制
发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
28.3
通讯作者：
Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kranzler, Chana F.;Krause, Jeffrey W.;Thamatrakoln, Kimberlee
硅藻是现代海洋中全球分布最广、生态最成功的生物之一，占海洋初级生产力的40%以上（1，2）。通过将溶解的硅转化为生物硅，并通过光合作用将二氧化碳固定为颗粒有机碳，硅藻有效地耦合了硅（Si）和碳循环，并将大量的碳垂直通量从真光层压载到中层和深海（3-5）。病毒是海洋生物地球化学循环的关键参与者（6，7），但对病毒感染如何具体影响硅藻种群知之甚少。在这里，我们表明，硅限制促进病毒感染和死亡率在硅藻的高产沿海沃茨的加州当前生态系统。使用元转录组分析细胞相关的硅藻病毒和有针对性的定量细胞外病毒，我们发现硅压力和病毒感染的早期，活跃和裂解阶段之间的联系。这种关系也观察到在文化的水华形成硅藻Chaetoceros tenuissimus，硅应力加速病毒诱导的死亡率。总之，这些研究结果的背景下的硅的可用性和磷介导的地球化学循环的生态生理框架内的病毒。
Diatoms are among the most globally distributed and ecologically successful organisms in the modern ocean, contributing upwards of 40% of total marine primary productivity(1,2). By converting dissolved silicon into biogenic silica, and photosynthetically fixing carbon dioxide into particulate organic carbon, diatoms effectively couple the silicon (Si) and carbon cycles and ballast substantial vertical flux of carbon out of the euphotic zone into the mesopelagic and deep ocean(3-5). Viruses are key players in ocean biogeochemical cycles(6,7), yet little is known about how viral infection specifically impacts diatom populations. Here, we show that Si limitation facilitates virus infection and mortality in diatoms in the highly productive coastal waters of the California Current Ecosystem. Using metatranscriptomic analysis of cell-associated diatom viruses and targeted quantification of extracellular viruses, we found a link between Si stress and the early, active and lytic stages of viral infection. This relationship was also observed in cultures of the bloom-forming diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus, where Si stress accelerated virus-induced mortality. Together, these findings contextualize viruses within the ecophysiological framework of Si availability and diatom-mediated biogeochemical cycling.