The time and egg budget of Leptopilina clavipes, a parasitoid of larval Drosophila
The time and egg budget of Leptopilina clavipes, a parasitoid of larval Drosophila
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果蝇幼虫寄生蜂 Leptopilina clavipes 的时间和卵预算
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2311.1992.tb01034.x
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
L. Hemerik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Driessen;L. Hemerik
摘要：为了理解自然选择对类人猿寄主选择行为持久性的影响，了解类人猿寄主是受时间限制还是受卵限制是很重要的。我们在野外调查了拟寄生物轻蝇（Leptopilina clavipes, Hartig）是否满足卵或时间限制条件。为此，研究了寄生蜂在羽化时的卵量、斑块间的移动速度、斑块停留时间、产卵率和预期寿命。与早期对寄主和斑块分布的研究结果一起，这形成了“蒙特卡罗”模拟模型的输入，在该模型中可以追踪单个拟寄生物的生活史。模拟结果表明，在田间条件下，12.9%的寄生蜂是限卵的。该模型还针对反映“好”或“坏”情况的许多场景进行了运行。在大多数情况下，相当大比例的拟寄生虫种群被证明是卵限的。描述了一种特别适用于小型拟寄生蜂（如L.clavipes）的标记方法，用于测量移动速度和斑块停留时间。标记不影响存活、寄主栖息地位置和寄主检出率。研究发现，拟寄生物会被雄性阴茎（Phallus impudicus）的果体气味所吸引，而雄性阴茎是寄主最重要的繁殖基质。
Abstract. 1 For the understanding of the influence of natural selection on the persistence of host selection behaviour in populations of Drosophila parasitoids it is important to know whether parasitoids will become time‐ or egg‐limited. We investigated whether the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina clavipes (Hartig) meets egg‐ or time‐limited conditions in the field. 2 To this end the following aspects of the parasitoid's life were studied: egg load at emergence, travelling velocity between patches, patch residence times, oviposition rates and life expectancy. Together with the results from earlier studies on host and patch distributions, this formed the input of a ‘Monte Carlo’ simulation model, in which the life history of an individual parasitoid can be traced. 3 The simulations revealed that under the conditions found in the field 12.9% of the parasitoid population is egg‐limited. The model was also run for a number of scenarios which reflect ‘good’ or ‘bad’ circumstances. In most cases a significant proportion of the parasitoid population proved to be egg‐limited. 4 For the measurement of travelling velocities and patch residence times a marking method, especially applicable to small‐sized parasitoids such as L.clavipes, is described. Marking did not affect survival, host habitat location or host detection rate. Parasitoids were found to be attracted to the odour of fruit‐bodies of Phallus impudicus, the most important breeding substrate of their hosts.