Fatty Acid-amino Acid Conjugates Diversification in Lepidopteran Caterpillars
Fatty Acid-amino Acid Conjugates Diversification in Lepidopteran Caterpillars
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-010-9764-8
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Mori, Naoki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yoshinaga, Naoko;Alborn, Hans T.;Mori, Naoki
脂肪酸-氨基酸偶联物（FACs）已在夜蛾和鞘毛虫的口腔分泌物中发现；特别是，volicitin [N-（17-羟基亚麻烯酰）- l-谷氨酰胺]及其生化前体N-亚麻烯酰-l -谷氨酰胺，是已知的玉米植物诱导挥发性排放的激发子。这些诱导的挥发物反过来又吸引了毛毛虫的天敌。在之前的研究中，我们发现斜纹夜蛾幼虫的n -亚麻烯酰-l -谷氨酰胺在氮同化中起着重要作用，这可能是毛虫在吸引天敌的风险增加的情况下合成FACs的原因。然而，在这些农业利益科以外的鳞翅目物种中是否存在fac尚不清楚。我们对29种鳞翅目进行了FAC筛选，发现其中19种鳞翅目存在FAC。因此，FACs通常是通过广泛的鳞翅目毛虫合成的。由于所有含有谷氨酰胺偶联物的物种都具有n -亚麻酰-l -谷氨酰胺和/或n -亚麻酰-l -谷氨酰胺，而其中进化最早的物种只有这两种谷氨酰胺偶联物，因此这些谷氨酰胺偶联物可能是进化较早的谷氨酰胺偶联物。此外，一些物种具有谷氨酸偶联物，一些物种具有羟基化的FACs。比较鳞翅目fas的多样性表明，谷氨酸偶联物可以在相对原始的物种中合成，而脂肪酸的羟基化作用主要局限于体型较大、发育较好的大鳞翅目物种。
Fatty acid amino acid conjugates (FACs) have been found in noctuid as well as sphingid caterpillar oral secretions; in particular, volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine] and its biochemical precursor, N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine, are known elicitors of induced volatile emissions in corn plants. These induced volatiles, in turn, attract natural enemies of the caterpillars. In a previous study, we showed that N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine in larval Spodoptera litura plays an important role in nitrogen assimilation which might be an explanation for caterpillars synthesizing FACs despite an increased risk of attracting natural enemies. However, the presence of FACs in lepidopteran species outside these families of agricultural interest is not well known. We conducted FAC screening of 29 lepidopteran species, and found them in 19 of these species. Thus, FACs are commonly synthesized through a broad range of lepidopteran caterpillars. Since all FAC-containing species had N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine and/or N-linoleoyl-L-glutamine in common, and the evolutionarily earliest species among them had only these two FACs, these glutamine conjugates might be the evolutionarily older FACs. Furthermore, some species had glutamic acid conjugates, and some had hydroxylated FACs. Comparing the diversity of FACs with lepidopteran phylogeny indicates that glutamic acid conjugates can be synthesized by relatively primitive species, while hydroxylation of fatty acids is limited mostly to larger and more developed macrolepidopteran species.