Fungal DNA barcoding
Fungal DNA barcoding
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DOI：
10.1139/gen-2016-0046
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Xu, Jianping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xu, Jianping
真菌在自然和人造环境中无处不在。它们在植物、动物和人类的健康以及广泛的生态系统功能中发挥着重要作用。因此，有一个有效的物种水平的识别系统可以显着提高我们的能力，以治疗真菌疾病和监测的空间和时间模式的真菌分布和迁移。DNA条形码技术是快速鉴定真菌标本、提出新物种假说、指导生物多样性和生态学研究的有效手段。在这篇简短的综述中，我简要地总结了（i）基于DNA序列的真菌鉴定的历史;（ii）ITS区域作为共识的主要真菌条形码的出现;（iii）使用ITS条形码来解决从局部到全球范围内的真菌多样性的各种问题，包括产生大量物种假说;（iv）ITS条形码的使用。（iv）ITS条形码区域存在的问题以及解决这些问题的方法。与植物和动物的DNA条形码研究类似，在过去几年中，在解决问题和为未来研究工作奠定基础方面都取得了重大进展。然而，仍然存在重大挑战。我建议三个广泛的研究领域，以提高真菌DNA条形码的有用性，以满足当前和未来的挑战：（i）开发一套通用的引物和技术，允许在一级和二级条形码基因座上扩增和测序所有真菌;（ii）编制一个中央参考数据库，其中包括所有公认的真菌物种以及物种假设，并允许研究界定期更新;和（iii）建立一套共识的新物种识别标准的基础上条形码DNA序列，可以应用于整个真菌王国。
Fungi are ubiquitous in both natural and human-made environments. They play important roles in the health of plants, animals, and humans, and in broad ecosystem functions. Thus, having an efficient species-level identification system could significantly enhance our ability to treat fungal diseases and to monitor the spatial and temporal patterns of fungal distributions and migrations. DNA barcoding is a potent approach for rapid identification of fungal specimens, generating novel species hypothesis, and guiding biodiversity and ecological studies. In this mini-review, I briefly summarize (i) the history of DNA sequence-based fungal identification; (ii) the emergence of the ITS region as the consensus primary fungal barcode; (iii) the use of the ITS barcodes to address a variety of issues on fungal diversity from local to global scales, including generating a large number of species hypothesis; and (iv) the problems with the ITS barcode region and the approaches to overcome these problems. Similar to DNA barcoding research on plants and animals, significant progress has been achieved over the last few years in terms of both the questions being addressed and the foundations being laid for future research endeavors. However, significant challenges remain. I suggest three broad areas of research to enhance the usefulness of fungal DNA barcoding to meet the current and future challenges: (i) develop a common set of primers and technologies that allow the amplification and sequencing of all fungi at both the primary and secondary barcode loci; (ii) compile a centralized reference database that includes all recognized fungal species as well as species hypothesis, and allows regular updates from the research community; and (iii) establish a consensus set of new species recognition criteria based on barcode DNA sequences that can be applied across the fungal kingdom.