Basal Forebrain Gating by Somatostatin Neurons Drives Prefrontal Cortical Activity
Basal Forebrain Gating by Somatostatin Neurons Drives Prefrontal Cortical Activity
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhx302
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Fuentealba, Pablo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Espinosa, Nelson;Alonso, Alejandra;Fuentealba, Pablo
基底前脑向皮质提供调节输入，调节大脑状态和认知过程。生长抑素表达的神经元构成了一个异质的GABA能群体，已知其在功能上抑制基底前脑皮质投射细胞，从而有利于睡眠和皮质同步化。然而，目前尚不清楚生长抑素细胞是否可以调节基底前脑的群体活动模式和调节皮质动力学。在这里，我们表明，生长抑素神经元调节皮质突触输出的基底前脑撞击皮质的活动和行为。光遗传失活的生长抑素神经元在体内迅速修改基底前脑的神经活动，随之而来的增强和desertification的活动在前额叶皮层，反映在神经元尖峰和网络振荡。皮质激活部分依赖于胆碱能传递，抑制慢波和增强γ振荡。此外，招聘动力学是细胞类型特异性的，与intereuron显示类似的时间配置文件，但比锥体细胞更强的反应。最后，在休息期间对静止动物的光遗传学刺激促进了运动活动，表明了普遍的皮质激活和增强的唤醒。总之，我们提供的生理和行为的证据表明，生长抑素神经元是关键的门控突触输出的基底前脑，从而间接控制皮质操作通过胆碱能和非胆碱能机制。
The basal forebrain provides modulatory input to the cortex regulating brain states and cognitive processing. Somatostatin-expressing neurons constitute a heterogeneous GABAergic population known to functionally inhibit basal forebrain cortically projecting cells thus favoring sleep and cortical synchronization. However, it remains unclear if somatostatin cells can regulate population activity patterns in the basal forebrain and modulate cortical dynamics. Here, we demonstrate that somatostatin neurons regulate the corticopetal synaptic output of the basal forebrain impinging on cortical activity and behavior. Optogenetic inactivation of somatostatin neurons in vivo rapidly modified neural activity in the basal forebrain, with the consequent enhancement and desynchronization of activity in the prefrontal cortex, reflected in both neuronal spiking and network oscillations. Cortical activation was partially dependent on cholinergic transmission, suppressing slow waves and potentiating gamma oscillations. In addition, recruitment dynamics was cell type-specific, with intemeurons showing similar temporal profiles, but stronger responses than pyramidal cells. Finally, optogenetic stimulation of quiescent animals during resting periods prompted locomotor activity, suggesting generalized cortical activation and increased arousal. Altogether, we provide physiological and behavioral evidence indicating that somatostatin neurons are pivotal in gating the synaptic output of the basal forebrain, thus indirectly controlling cortical operations via both cholinergic and non-cholinergic mechanisms.