Delay of Gratification in Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella) and Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)
Delay of Gratification in Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella) and Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)
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DOI：
10.1037/a0018240
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Fujita, Kazuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, James R.;Kuroshima, Hika;Fujita, Kazuo
在两个独立的系列实验中，四只卷尾猴（Cebus apella）和四只松鼠猴（Saimiri sciureus）进行了演示试验，其中一个人将六块食物从每只猴子够不到的地方一个接一个地转移到够得着的地方。在试验中，猴子可以在任何时候伸手去拿转移过来的食物，这一动作结束了试验。因此，在猴子伸手去拿食物之前，让食物堆积起来是符合猴子利益的。在第一阶段的测试中，没有卷尾猴表现出延迟满足。试图通过在转移前立即提供一个免费食物来促进表现失败（第2阶段）。在第三阶段，当转移的食物项目的大小逐渐增加，两个卷尾猴保持延迟，并经常等待所有6个项目的积累。一只松鼠猴在第一阶段开始延迟满足，另一只在第三阶段也是如此。恢复单一大小的食物并没有削弱猴子的延迟能力。短（1秒）的延迟通常比长延迟（3或5秒）更容易维持。在这两个物种中，延迟个体以特异性方式桥接延迟。
In two separate series of experiments four capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) and four squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were given demonstration trials in which a human transferred six pieces of food, one by one, from out of each monkey's reach to within reach. On test trials the monkey could reach for the transferred food at any time, an action that ended the trial. Therefore, it was in the monkey's interest to allow food items to accumulate before reaching for food. No capuchin monkey showed delay of gratification in the first phase of testing. An attempt to facilitate performance by presenting a single free food item immediately before the transfer failed (Phase 2). In Phase 3, when the transferred food items increased progressively in size, two capuchins maintained delays, and frequently waited for all 6 items to accumulate. One squirrel monkey started to delay gratification in Phase 1, and another did so in Phase 3. A return to single-sized food items did not impair the monkeys' ability to delay. Short (1 s) interitem delays were generally easier to maintain than longer delays (3 or 5 s). In both species the delaying individuals bridged the delays idiosyncratically.