Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction.
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction.
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DOI：
10.1080/20477724.2015.1122852
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Memish ZA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Omrani AS;Al-Tawfiq JA;Memish ZA
中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）是一种新型地方性β冠状病毒，于2012年9月首次描述。MERS-CoV感染人类的临床范围从无症状或轻度呼吸道疾病到严重肺炎和多器官衰竭;总死亡率约为35.7%。蝙蝠携带几种与MERS CoV密切相关的β冠状病毒，但需要更多的研究来建立蝙蝠与MERS CoV之间的关系。中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒抗体在东非和阿拉伯半岛的单峰骆驼中的血清阳性率非常高。已从单峰骆驼中分离出MERS-CoV RNA和活病毒，包括一些有呼吸道症状的骆驼。此外，已从流行病学上有关联的人和骆驼中分离出几乎相同的MERS CoV菌株，证实了相互传播，最有可能是从骆驼传播给人。虽然卫生保健环境中的人际传播是大多数报告的MERS-CoV病例的原因，但该病毒目前无法引起持续的人际传播。通过实施适当的感染控制程序，可以很容易地控制集群。系统发育和测序数据强烈表明，MERS冠状病毒起源于蝙蝠祖先后，经历了重组事件的穗蛋白，可能在非洲的单峰骆驼，然后出口到阿拉伯半岛沿着骆驼贸易路线。需要进行MERS-CoV血清调查，以调查非洲可能未被识别的人类感染。控制中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒传播的重要措施包括严格管理骆驼运动，定期对受感染的骆驼进行牛群筛查和隔离，骆驼饲养员使用个人防护设备，以及执行禁止食用未经高温消毒的骆驼奶和尿液的规定。
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel enzootic betacoronavirus that was first described in September 2012. The clinical spectrum of MERS-CoV infection in humans ranges from an asymptomatic or mild respiratory illness to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure; overall mortality is around 35.7%. Bats harbour several betacoronaviruses that are closely related to MERS-CoV but more research is needed to establish the relationship between bats and MERS-CoV. The seroprevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies is very high in dromedary camels in Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoV RNA and viable virus have been isolated from dromedary camels, including some with respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, near-identical strains of MERS-CoV have been isolated from epidemiologically linked humans and camels, confirming inter-transmission, most probably from camels to humans. Though inter-human spread within health care settings is responsible for the majority of reported MERS-CoV cases, the virus is incapable at present of causing sustained human-to-human transmission. Clusters can be readily controlled with implementation of appropriate infection control procedures. Phylogenetic and sequencing data strongly suggest that MERS-CoV originated from bat ancestors after undergoing a recombination event in the spike protein, possibly in dromedary camels in Africa, before its exportation to the Arabian Peninsula along the camel trading routes. MERS-CoV serosurveys are needed to investigate possible unrecognized human infections in Africa. Amongst the important measures to control MERS-CoV spread are strict regulation of camel movement, regular herd screening and isolation of infected camels, use of personal protective equipment by camel handlers and enforcing rules banning all consumption of unpasteurized camel milk and urine.