A scalable quantum computer with ions in an array of microtraps
A scalable quantum computer with ions in an array of microtraps
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DOI：
10.1038/35007021
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发表时间：
2000-04-06
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Zoller, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cirac, JI;Zoller, P
量子计算机需要将量子信息存储在一组两级系统（称为量子比特）中，使用量子门和最终读出手段处理这些信息（1）。到目前为止，只有少数系统已被确定为潜在的可行的量子计算机模型，精确的量子控制的相干演化是必需的，以实现门操作，而在同一时间必须避免退相干。实例包括量子光学系统（诸如利用捕获离子（2-9）或中性原子（10-12）、腔量子电动力学（13-15）和核磁共振（16，17）的那些）和固态系统（使用核自旋（1，18）、量子点（19）和约瑟夫森结（20））。最先进的候选者是量子光学和核磁共振系统，我们预计它们将在未来几年内实现大约10个量子比特的量子计算。这仍然远远低于有用应用所需的数量：例如，200位数的因式分解需要大约3，500个量子位（21），如果实现纠错（22），则增加到100，000。因此，所提出的量子计算机架构到许多量子位的可扩展性是至关重要的。在这里，我们提出了一个离子阱量子计算机的模型，结合了可扩展性（通常与固态提案相关联的功能）与量子光学系统（特别是量子控制和长退相干时间）的优点。
Quantum computers require the storage of quantum information in a set of two-level systems (called qubits), the processing of this information using quantum gates and a means of final readout(1). So far, only a few systems have been identified as potentially viable quantum computer models-accurate quantum control of the coherent evolution is required in order to realize gate operations, while at the same time decoherence must be avoided. Examples include quantum optical systems (such as those utilizing trapped ions(2-9) or neutral atoms(10-12), cavity quantum electrodynamics(13-15) and nuclear magnetic resonance(16,17)) and solid state systems (using nuclear spins(1,18), quantum dots(19) and Josephson junctions(20)). The most advanced candidates are the quantum optical and nuclear magnetic resonance systems, and we expect that they will allow quantum computing with about ten qubits within the next few years. This is still far from the numbers required for useful applications: for example, the factorization of a 200-digit number requires about 3,500 qubits(21), rising to 100,000 if error correction(22) is implemented. Scalability of proposed quantum computer architectures to many qubits is thus of central importance. Here we propose a model for an ion trap quantum computer that combines scalability (a feature usually associated with solid state proposals) with the advantages of quantum optical systems (in particular, quantum control and long decoherence times).