Agreement on the Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework
Agreement on the Nile River Basin Cooperative Framework
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尼罗河流域合作框架协议
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-60796-1_8
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Wehling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Wehling
尼罗河流域日益严重的水资源短缺要求沿岸国家就一种永久的合作形式达成一致，并找到更好的管理和利用尼罗河水的方法。因此，1997年，它们开始就《合作框架协定》进行谈判，目的是缔结一项关于尼罗河的全面流域条约，并设立一个尼罗河流域委员会，作为一个永久性的合作工具。尽管埃及-苏丹提出抗议，尼罗河沿岸国家未能就核心问题达成共识，但尼罗河沿岸国家还是在2009年通过了该协议。本章审查《协定》的起草过程，讨论其条款和尚存争议的问题，然后建议对其案文进行修正。虽然《协定》逐字采纳了1997年《联合国水道公约》的主要条款，总体上为共同管理和利用尼罗河提供了良好的基础，但仍有必要作出一些修正，以协调所有沿河国家的利益，使《协定》符合国际水法原则。特别是，有人认为，应从《协定》中删除关于水安全的现行第14条，使用分配应遵循公平和合理利用的原则，而不应给予当前事实上的使用水平受保护的地位。同样重要的是，《协定》应包括对计划采取的措施进行事先通知的义务，以及关于通知程序的详细规定。
Ever-increasing water scarcity in the Nile Basin requires the riparian states to agree on a permanent form of cooperation and find better means of managing and utilizing the Nile’s water. Accordingly, in 1997 they began negotiations on the Cooperative Framework Agreement aiming to conclude a comprehensive basin-wide treaty on the Nile and to establish a Nile Basin commission as a permanent cooperation vehicle. The Nile Council of Ministers adopted the Agreement in 2009 despite Egyptian-Sudanese protest, although the riparian states were unable to reach consensus on core issues. This chapter examines the Agreement’s drafting process and discusses its provisions and remaining controversial issues, before recommending amendments to its text. While the Agreement adopted key provisions verbatim from the 1997 United Nations Watercourses Convention, and overall provides a sound basis for the joint management and use of the Nile, some amendments would be necessary to reconcile the interests of all the riparian states and align the Agreement with international water law principles. In particular, it is argued that the current Article 14 on water security should be removed from the Agreement, and the use allocation should be guided by the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization without granting current de-facto use levels protected status. Equally important, the Agreement should include an obligation of prior notification for planned measures, together with detailed provisions on the notification procedure.