Mycophagy among Japanese macaques in Yakushima: fungal species diversity and behavioral patterns
Mycophagy among Japanese macaques in Yakushima: fungal species diversity and behavioral patterns
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屋久岛日本猕猴的噬菌现象：真菌物种多样性和行为模式
DOI：
10.1007/s10329-013-0396-9
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Otani Y & Hanya G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sawada A;Sato H;Inoue E;Otani Y & Hanya G
许多研究人员都观察到了屋久岛日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata yakui）的菌食（食用真菌）行为，但没有关于这种行为的详细信息，包括食用哪些真菌种类。为了对食菌行为进行一般性描述，并了解猕猴如何以及是否避免有毒真菌，我们对屋久岛的野生日本猕猴进行了行为观察，并使用分子技术来鉴定真菌种类。结果表明，猕猴的饮食中含有多种真菌物种（31 属 67 种可能的真菌物种），尽管它们只占总饮食的一小部分（每年进食时间的 2.2%）。与猕猴检查（嗅、轻咬、小心处理）的真菌相比，猕猴捡起后立即食用的真菌毒性较小。然而，这种检查行为似乎并没有提高猕猴检测有毒真菌的能力。只被部分消耗的真菌比在有/没有检查行为的情况下完全消耗的真菌含有更多的有毒物种，但这并不重要。因此，味道在区分有毒与无毒方面也可能发挥重要作用。
Mycophagy (fungus-feeding) by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) in Yakushima has been observed by many researchers, but no detailed information is available on this behavior, including which fungal species are consumed. To provide a general description of mycophagy and to understand how and whether macaques avoid poisonous fungi, we conducted behavioral observation of wild Japanese macaques in Yakushima and used molecular techniques to identify fungal species. The results indicate that the diet of the macaques contains a large variety of fungal species (67 possible species in 31 genera), although they compose a very small portion of the total diet (2.2 % of annual feeding time). Fungi which were eaten by macaques immediately after they were picked up were less likely to be poisonous than those which were examined (sniffed, nibbled, carefully handled) by macaques. However, such examining behaviors did not appear to increase the macaques’ abilities to detect poisonous fungi. Fungi that were only partially consumed included more poisonous species than those fully consumed with/without examining behavior, yet this was not significant. Taste, therefore, might also play an important role in discriminating poisonous from non-poisonous.