Persistence of aerially applied mosquito-pesticide, Naled, in fresh and marine waters
Persistence of aerially applied mosquito-pesticide, Naled, in fresh and marine waters
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138391
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发表时间：
2020-07-10
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Zahran, Elsayed M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jones, Athena S.;Cohen, David;Zahran, Elsayed M.
Naled是一种有机磷农药，在2016年受到了相当大的关注，因为它被空中应用于控制美国大陆首次蚊媒寨卡病毒爆发。生活在受影响地区的利益相关者对其环境影响表示担忧。影响环境影响的一个因素是所施用化学品的持久性。本研究的目的是评价天然水体中二氧化氯及其降解副产物敌敌畏-的持久性。在全面的空中喷洒活动后，在地面测量初始浓度。实验室实验旨在评估可能促进环境中溴化菊和敌敌畏降解的因素（淡水与海水化学、温度和阳光）。结果表明，天然淡水和海水化学促进了纳米降解，去离子水实验导致半衰期大于6天。在无光照的天然水中，半衰期为5 ~ 20 h，高温下半衰期较短。在光照下，降解加速，产生更多的敌敌畏。在空中喷洒期间从现场收集的水样中测量了可检测水平（敌敌畏为0.05 μ M，敌敌畏为0.10 μ M）。结果可用于同时考虑氯敌畏和敌敌畏的风险评估，以更好地了解生态影响并制定改进的公共卫生建议。(C) 2020 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Naled, an organophosphate pesticide, received considerable attention during 2016 as it was applied aerially to control the first mosquito-borne Zika virus outbreak in the continental United States. Stakeholders living in affected areas raised concerns about its environmental impacts. One factor influencing environmental impacts is the persistence of the chemical applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the persistence of naled and its degradation bi-product, dichlorvos - in natural waters. Initial naled concentrations were measured at ground level after full-scale aerial spray activities. Laboratory experiments were designed to evaluate factors (fresh versus marine water chemistry, temperature, and sunlight) that may promote the degradation of naled and dichlorvos in the environment. Results show that natural fresh and marine water chemistry promoted naled degradation as experiments with de-ionized water resulted in half-lives greater than 6 days. The half-life in natural waters without light ranged from 5 to 20 h with lower half lives at higher temperatures. Under light exposure, degradation was accelerated and yielded more dichlorvos. Detectable levels (0.05 mu M for naled and 0.10 mu M for dichlorvos) were measured in water samples collected from the field during aerial spray events. Results can be used in risk assessments that consider both naled and dichlorvos to better understand ecological impacts and to develop improved public health recommendations. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.