Persistent and substantial impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deep-sea megafauna

Persistent and substantial impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on deep-sea megafauna
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深水地平线漏油事件对深海巨型动物的持续和重大影响

DOI:
10.1098/rsos.191164
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Benfield, Mark C.
Benfield, Mark C.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
McClain, Craig R.;Nunnally, Clifton;Benfield, Mark C.

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深水地平线漏油事件是最大的环境灾难之一,对墨西哥湾的经济和生态健康产生了广泛影响。表层石油和沿海影响受到了相当大的关注,但对深海中更大规模的石油泄漏及其影响的审查要少得多。基于2017年在井口500米范围内的ROV调查,我们提供了继续影响深海大型动物多样性、丰度和健康的证据。在井口附近的位置,大型动物群落比未受影响的地区更均匀,缺乏许多分类类群,并受到节肢动物高密度的驱动。该地点降解的碳氢化合物可能正在吸引节肢动物。影响的范围可能超出受影响的地点,有可能影响到远洋食物网和具有重要商业价值的物种。总体而言,漏油7年后的深海生态系统健康正在缓慢恢复,挥之不去的影响可能是极端的。
The Deepwater Horizon spill is one of the largest environmental disasters with extensive impacts on the economic and ecological health of the Gulf of Mexico. Surface oil and coastal impacts received considerable attention, but the far larger oil spill in the deep ocean and its effects received considerably less examination. Based on 2017 ROV surveys within 500 m of the wellhead, we provide evidence of continued impacts on diversity, abundance and health of deep-sea megafauna. At locations proximal to the wellhead, megafaunal communities are more homogeneous than in unimpacted areas, lacking many taxonomic groups, and driven by high densities of arthropods. Degraded hydrocarbons at the site may be attracting arthropods. The scope of impacts may extend beyond the impacted sites with the potential for impacts to pelagic food webs and commercially important species. Overall, deep-sea ecosystem health, 7 years post spill, is recovering slowly and lingering effects may be extreme.
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