THE EVOLUTION OF THE INSTITUTION OF MOTHERS' PENSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES
THE EVOLUTION OF THE INSTITUTION OF MOTHERS' PENSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES
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DOI：
10.1086/215134
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发表时间：
1930-01-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Davis, Ada J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davis, Ada J.
美国的母亲养老金运动起源于1909年罗斯福总统召集的一次会议，会上人们对现行做法的不满成为焦点。第一部法律于1911年在伊利诺伊州通过，现在42个州都有类似的立法。法律的不同规定揭示了政治行动的不确定性和详细颁布的偶然性。每个儿童的津贴数额各不相同，其程度不是根据对需要的任何合理考虑来确定的。同样，资金的管理也是多种多样的，显然没有科学的努力来发现最好的方法。在考虑促进立法时，值得注意的是，避免了党派偏见，强调了税收的节省，并强调了人道主义呼吁。这些事实对制度演进理论的影响表明，与当前的表述相比，有意识的尝试更少，偶然的妥协更多。
The movement for mothers' pensions in America grew out of a conference called by President Roosevelt in 1909, at which the dissatisfaction with the existing practice was brought to a focus. The first law was passed in Illinois in 1911, and now forty-two states have similar legislation. The varying provisions of the laws reveal the uncertainties of political action and the fortuitous aspects of the detailed enactments. The amounts allowed for each child vary to a degree not determined by any rational consideration of the needs. Similary, the administration of the funds is variously provided for, and no scientific effort to discover the best method is evident. In considering the promotion of the legislation, it is noteworthy that partisanship was avoided, the saving in taxation emphasized, and a humanitarian appeal stressed. The bearing of these facts on the theory of evolving institutions shows less of conscious trial and more of accidental compromise than the current formulations allow.