Influence of caffeine on the liking of novel-flavored soda in adolescents.
Influence of caffeine on the liking of novel-flavored soda in adolescents.
复制标题
咖啡因对青少年新味汽水喜好的影响。
DOI：
10.1007/s00213-012-2684-2
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Schnittker,YaseminS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Temple,JenniferL;Ziegler,AmandaM;Graczyk,Adam;Bendlin,Ashley;O'Leary,Shannon;Schnittker,YaseminS
汽水制造商声称，在汽水中添加咖啡因是为了增强味道，但许多研究人员推测，添加咖啡因是为了增加汽水的愉悦感和增强汽水的特性。对成年人的研究表明，当添加到新奇口味的饮料中时，咖啡因可以调节口味偏好。目的本研究的目的是验证在新口味饮料中添加咖啡因会增加青少年对新口味饮料的喜爱和偏好的假设。方法99名12 ~ 17岁的青少年对7种新型碳酸饮料进行评分和排名。然后，他们被随机分配在连续四天的时间里饮用其中一种饮料，其中含有咖啡因（1或2毫克/公斤）或安慰剂，并对他们的喜好进行评分。在最后一次访问中，参与者重新品尝了这七种饮料，并提供了快乐评级和排名。结果2毫克/公斤咖啡因组的参与者在最初的减少后，在暴露期间增加了对饮料的喜爱，但安慰剂组或1毫克/公斤组的参与者对饮料的喜爱没有变化。在2毫克/公斤组中，喜爱度的增加伴随着感知苦味的减少，但在测试后的饮料排名或消费量没有变化。结论：在新型饮料中加入咖啡因会导致对咖啡因的喜爱度下降，而反复接触后又会增加，这可能是由于习惯了咖啡因的苦味。苦味感知的改变可能是青少年养成规律使用咖啡因的机制。
BackgroundSoda manufacturers claim that caffeine is added to soda as a flavor enhancer, but many researchers have speculated that caffeine is added to increase the hedonic and reinforcing properties of the soda. Studies in adults have demonstrated that caffeine can condition flavor preferences when added to novel-flavored beverages.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that caffeine added to novel-flavored drinks would increase liking and preference in adolescents.MethodsAdolescents (n= 99) between the ages of 12 and 17 rated and ranked seven novel soda drinks. They were then randomly assigned to consume one of these beverages paired with either caffeine (1 or 2 mg/kg) or placebo over four consecutive days and rate liking. On the final visit, participants retasted the seven beverages and provided hedonic ratings and rankings.ResultsParticipants in the 2-mg/kg caffeine group increased the liking of the beverage over the exposure period after an initial decrease, but there was no change in liking for those in the placebo group or in the 1-mg/kg group. The increase in liking in the 2-mg/kg group was accompanied by a decrease in perceived bitterness, but no change in beverage ranking or consumption during the post-test.ConclusionsCaffeine added to novel beverages results in a decrease in liking followed by an increase in liking with repeated exposures that may result from habituation to the bitterness of caffeine. Change in bitter perception may be the mechanism by which adolescents establish regular caffeine use.
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大鼠肝脏 DNA 拓扑异构酶：生理变化。
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Michel Duguet;C. Lavenot;Francis Harper;Gilles Mirambeau;A. Recondo
通讯作者：
A. Recondo
用阿霉素或玫瑰树碱处理的细胞中蛋白质相关的 DNA 断裂。
DOI：
10.1016/0005-2787(78)90059-x
发表时间：
1978
期刊：
Biochimica et biophysica acta
影响因子：
--
作者：
W. Ross;D. Glaubiger;K. Kohn
通讯作者：
K. Kohn
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.81.5.1361
发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
影响因子：
--
作者：
NELSON, EM;TEWEY, KM;LIU, LF
通讯作者：
LIU, LF
影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Bonnie S. Glisson;Radhey S. Gupta;Radhey S. Gupta;S. Smallwood-Kentro;S. Smallwood-Kentro;W. Ross
通讯作者：
Bonnie S. Glisson;Radhey S. Gupta;Radhey S. Gupta;S. Smallwood-Kentro;S. Smallwood-Kentro;W. Ross
DOI：
10.3109/10409238309102799
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
CRC critical reviews in biochemistry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Leroy-Fong Liu
通讯作者：
Leroy-Fong Liu