Where Do Stories Come From? Examining the Exploration Process in Investigative Data Journalism

Where Do Stories Come From? Examining the Exploration Process in Investigative Data Journalism
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故事从何而来?

DOI:
10.1145/3479534
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Baumer, Eric P.
Baumer, Eric P.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Showkat, Dilruba;Baumer, Eric P.

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调查性数据记者使用各种数据源来讲述故事。尽管先前的工作表明,记者的数据工作实践与数据科学家的数据工作实践之间存在密切关系。然而,这些关系和数据工作实践并没有经过实证检验,理解它们对于为包括数据科学家和数据记者在内的不同人群使用的工具设计提供信息至关重要。因此,为了弥合这一差距,我们研究了调查记者的数据工作实践与一个非营利性的调查新闻编辑室。我们的研究设计包括两个活动:1)与记者的半结构化采访,以及2)让记者描绘他们的工作实践的例子素描活动。通过分析这些数据并将其综合到相关的先前工作中,我们提出了数据驱动的调查性新闻故事创意生成过程的主要阶段。我们的研究结果表明,记者采用了一系列多重的,迭代的,循环的过程来识别新闻“有趣”的故事想法。这些过程与先前研究中确定的数据科学工作实践非常相似,并显示出细微的差别。我们通过与关键线人的成员检查进一步验证了我们的提议。这项工作提供了三个主要贡献。首先,它提供了一个近距离了解调查记者的数据驱动的故事创意生成技术的主要阶段。其次,它通过研究数据驱动的调查记者来补充之前研究正式数据科学实践的工作,这些记者的主要专业知识不在计算领域。第三,它确定了数据探索过程中的特定点,这些点将从设计干预中受益,并提出了未来的研究方向。
Investigative data journalists work with a variety of data sources to tell a story. Though prior work has indicated that there is a close relationship between journalists' data work practices and that of data scientists. However, these relationships and data work practices are not empirically examined, and understanding them is crucial to inform the design of tools that are used by different groups of people including data scientists and data journalists. Thus, to bridge this gap, we studied investigative reporters' data work practices with one non-profit investigative newsroom. Our study design includes two activities: 1) semi-structured interviews with journalists, and 2) a sketching activity allowing journalists to depict examples of their work practices. By analyzing these data and synthesizing them across related prior work, we propose the major phases in the data-driven investigative journalism story idea generation process. Our study findings show that the journalists employ a collection of multiple, iterative, cyclic processes to identify journalistically "interesting'' story ideas. These processes both significantly resemble and show subtle nuanced differences with data science work practices identified in prior research. We further verified our proposal through a member check with key informants. This work offers three primary contributions. First, it provides a close glimpse into the main phases of investigative journalists' data-driven story idea generation technique. Second, it complements prior work studying formal data science practices by examining data-driven investigative journalists, whose primary expertise lies outside computing. Third, it identifies particular points in the data exploration processes that would benefit from design interventions and suggests future research directions.
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