Diversity and community assembly patterns of epigean vs. troglobiont spiders in the Iberian Peninsula
Diversity and community assembly patterns of epigean vs. troglobiont spiders in the Iberian Peninsula
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DOI：
10.5038/1827-806x.41.1.9
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Cardoso, Pedro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cardoso, Pedro
卡多索P. 2012。伊比利亚半岛表层蛛与穴居蛛的多样性和群落聚集模式。国际洞穴学杂志，41(1),83-94。佛罗里达州坦帕市（美国）。ISSN 0392 - 6672。http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.41.1.9Cave-obligate生物通常具有较小的范围，它们的组合比它们的表生生物具有更高的β多样性。洞穴群落的系统发育和功能多样性通常较低，导致分类和功能不协调，整个群体在地下领域缺失。本研究的目的是比较伊比利亚半岛蜘蛛的范围、β多样性、系统发育和功能多样性、分类和功能不和谐。表栖物种的中位发生程度是穴居物种的33倍。穴居群的β多样性显著高于穴居群。洞穴组合表现出较低的系统发育和功能多样性。分类学上存在明显的不协调，在洞穴中缺少许多种科，即Gnaphosidae、Salticidae和Lycosidae。功能不和谐的程度同样高，埋伏猎人和感应织网者在洞穴中缺席。伊比利亚半岛的穴居蜘蛛范围小，多样性高，是许多穴居生物的典型特征，这是由洞穴系统的破碎和隔离以及物种的低灵活性和高度栖息地专业化造成的。洞穴主要由预适应谱系定居，具有高比例的嗜中性粒细胞物种。一些科不再出现在地表栖息地，可能自最后一次冰期以来，目前仅限于该地区的洞穴。在洞穴中很少有有效的狩猎策略和网类型，这些在穴居物种中占主导地位。由于同种生物群落α多样性低、功能冗余度低、范围窄、种群破碎化程度高、分类独特，它们的濒危物种比例应高于伊比利亚半岛的表缘蜘蛛。有些物种可能濒临灭绝，需要紧急保护措施。
Cardoso P. 2012. Diversity and community assembly patterns of epigean vs. troglobiont spiders in the Iberian Peninsula. International Journal of Speleology, 41(1), 83-94. Tampa, FL (USA). ISSN 0392-6672. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.41.1.9Cave-obligate organisms usually have smaller ranges and their assemblages have higher beta diversity than their epigean counterparts. Phylogenetic and functional diversity is usually low in cave communities, leading to taxonomic and functional disharmony, with entire groups missing from the subterranean realm. The objective of this work is to compare range, beta diversity, phylogenetic and functional diversity, taxonomic and functional disharmony of epigean versus troglobiont spiders in the Iberian Peninsula. The median extent of occurrence was found to be 33 times higher for epigean than for cave species. Beta diversity was significantly higher for troglobiont assemblages. Cave assemblages present lower phylogenetic and functional diversities than expected by chance. Taxonomic disharmony was noticeable, with many speciose families, namely Gnaphosidae, Salticidae and Lycosidae, absent in caves. Functional disharmony was equally high, with ambush hunters and sensing web weavers being absent in caves. The small range and high beta diversity of troglobiont spiders in the Iberian Peninsula is typical of many cave-obligate organisms, caused by the fragmentation and isolation of cave systems and the low vagility and high habitat specialization of species. Caves were colonized mainly by pre-adapted lineages, with high proportions of eutroglophile species. Some families no longer occur in surface habitats, possibly since the last glaciations, and currently are restricted to caves in the region. Few hunting strategies and web types are efficient in caves and these dominate among the troglobiont species. As troglobiont communities are of low alpha diversity, with low functional redundancy, have narrow ranges, present high levels of population fragmentation and are taxonomically unique, they should present higher proportions of imperilled species than epigean spiders in the Iberian Peninsula. Some species are probably endangered and require urgent conservation measures.