Critical immaturities limiting infant binocular stereopsis
Critical immaturities limiting infant binocular stereopsis
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DOI：
10.1167/iovs.06-0718
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Miracle, Jaime A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Angela M.;Lindsey, Delwin T.;Miracle, Jaime A.
目的。确定是什么严重不成熟导致人类婴儿双眼立体视觉不良。方法。测量婴儿和成人的心理测量功能，以检测随机纹理显示中的立体深度。使用由水平双眼视差定义的测试刺激和由垂直视差定义的干扰刺激。成人通过直接心理物理方法在几个对比度值下进行测试，婴儿通过强制选择优先查看 100% 对比度进行测试。结果。婴儿的立体视能力从 12 周时无法测量到 20 周时达到 7.9 角秒，这与成人的标称值 5 至 10 角秒相距甚远。相比之下，婴儿 20 周时的最大 d-max（最大差异）为 86.8 分钟，接近成人的 110.6 分钟。 20 周时婴儿表现的平均最高水平正确率为 77%，仍远低于成人表现。当成人立体图低对比度时，成人中心凹外表现与婴儿表现相似。使用婴儿和成人的单眼表现来检测立体图纹理，定量预测婴儿和成人的立体表现。婴儿和成人的立体视觉表现接近但未达到预测值。结论。在低对比度下测试的成人的婴儿般的表现以及婴儿最大正确数据百分比相对于预测值的相似性表明，限制婴儿立体视觉的关键不成熟是众所周知的婴儿视觉系统对对比度的不敏感。这一结论支持临床使用立体视觉作为婴儿双侧单眼功能的筛查测试。
PURPOSE. To determine what critical immaturity is responsible for the poor binocular stereopsis of human infants.METHODS. Infant and adult psychometric functions were measured for detection of stereoscopic depth in a random-texture display. A test stimulus defined by horizontal binocular disparity and a distracter stimulus defined by vertical disparity were used. Adults were tested by direct psychophysical methods at several contrast values, and infants by forced-choice preferential looking at 100% contrast.RESULTS. Infant stereoacuity matured from unmeasurable at age 12 weeks to 7.9 arc min at 20 weeks, which was still far from the nominal adult value of 5 to 10 arc seconds. In contrast, infant d-max (maximum disparity) was 86.8 minutes at 20 weeks, which was near the adult d-max of 110.6 minutes. The average maximum level of infant performance at 20 weeks was 77% correct, still far below adult performance. When the adult stereogram was low contrast, adult extrafoveal performance was similar to infant performance. Infant and adult stereo performance was predicted quantitatively, using infant and adult monocular performance in detecting the stereogram texture. Infant and adult stereopsis performance approached, but did not reach, the predicted values.CONCLUSIONS. The infantlike performance of adults tested at low contrast and the similarity of infant maximum percentage of correct data relative to the predicted values suggested that the critical immaturity limiting infant stereopsis is the well-known insensitivity of the infant visual system to contrast. This conclusion supports the clinical use of stereopsis as a screening test for bilateral monocular function in infants.