Effect of tillage and farming system upon VAM fungus populations and mycorrhizas and nutrient uptake of maize
Effect of tillage and farming system upon VAM fungus populations and mycorrhizas and nutrient uptake of maize
复制标题
DOI：
10.1023/a:1004810116854
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Wagoner, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galvez, L;Douds, DD;Wagoner, P
与常规管理系统相比，不依赖化肥的低投入农业系统可能更依赖泡囊丛枝菌根真菌。对玉米(Zea Mays L.)VAM真菌孢子种群、菌根形成和营养利用进行了研究。在常规和低投入农业系统下，在模板式耕作、凿盘或免耕土壤中种植。采集了4个生长阶段的玉米地上部和根部。低投入管理下的土壤VAM真菌孢子数量高于常规管理下的土壤。免耕土壤中VAM真菌在玉米根部的定殖率和孢子数量均高于翻耕或凿盘土壤。秋季采集的土壤，免耕和凿沟土壤的接种潜力大于翻耕土壤，低投入土壤大于常规耕作土壤。耕作方式和耕作制度对玉米植株氮素吸收利用的影响因生育期不同而异。耕作制度对磷利用效率的影响仅在营养生长期显著，低投入管理的植株磷利用效率较高。在整个生育期内，耕作的效果是一致的，翻耕和凿盘的植株对磷的利用效率高于免耕。在整个试验过程中，生长在免耕土壤中的植株地上部磷浓度最高。VAM真菌定殖率提高的这一好处，特别是在缺乏有效杂草控制和土壤温度可能较低的低投入系统中，并没有转化为促进生长和产量。
Low-input agricultural systems that do not rely on fertilizers may be more dependent on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal [VAM] fungi than conventionally managed systems. We studied populations of spores of VAM fungi, mycorrhiza formation and nutrient utilization of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in moldboard plowed, chisel-disked or no-tilled soil under conventional and low-input agricultural systems. Maize shoots and roots were collected at four growth stages. Soils under low-input management had higher VAM fungus spore populations than soils under conventional management. Spore populations and colonization of maize roots by VAM fungi were higher in no-tilled than in moldboard plowed or chisel-disked soil. The inoculum potential of soil collected in the autumn was greater for no-till and chisel-disked soils than for moldboard plowed soils and greater for low-input than conventionally farmed soil. The effects of tillage and farming system on N uptake and utilization varied with growth stage of the maize plants. The effect of farming system on P use efficiency was significant at the vegetative stages only, with higher efficiencies in plants under low-input management. The effect of tillage was consistent through all growth stages, with higher P use efficiencies in plants under moldboard plow and chisel-disk than under no-till. Plants grown in no-tilled soils had the highest shoot P concentrations throughout the experiment. This benefit of enhanced VAM fungus colonization, particularly in the low-input system in the absence of effective weed control and with likely lower soil temperatures, did not translate into enhanced growth and yield.