Regulation of microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeleton in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis.
Regulation of microtubule (MT)-based cytoskeleton in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.004
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Cheng CY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tang EI;Mruk DD;Cheng CY
在啮齿类动物和人类中，睾丸细胞与其他哺乳动物细胞类似，由肌动蛋白、微管（MT）和中间丝状细胞骨架支撑，在上皮周期中调节精子发生。然而，大多数已发表的研究结果都局限于精子发生过程中精原上皮细胞骨架的可视化研究。很少有人关注其在上皮中组织以响应上皮周期阶段变化的潜在分子机制，但仍有很大程度的探索。在过去的十年中，功能研究已经开始关注结合蛋白调节这些细胞骨架的作用，一些有趣的数据已经在该领域迅速出现。由于基于肌动蛋白和中间体的细胞骨架最近已经被回顾，在这里我们关注基于mt的细胞骨架有两个原因。首先，除了作为结构支持细胞骨架外，MT还被认为是支持和促进生殖细胞运输的轨道，例如在精子发生过程中连接的preleptotene精母细胞和在精子发生过程中分别穿过血睾丸屏障（BTB）和输卵管室的伸长/伸长精子细胞。虽然这些细胞事件对精子发生的完成至关重要，但在过去它们在很大程度上被忽视了。其次，基于mt的细胞骨架与基于肌动蛋白的细胞骨架协同工作，为胞内细胞器在细胞质上的运输提供结构支持，如基于内核体的囊泡、残体、支持细胞中的吞噬体，以维持精原上皮的细胞稳态。我们批判性地评估了一些最近发表的研究结果，以支持关于MT在授精上皮中赋予生殖细胞运输的作用的假设。
In rodents and humans, testicular cells, similar to other mammalian cells, are supported by actin-, microtubule (MT)- and intermediate filament-based cytoskeletons to regulate spermatogenesis during the epithelial cycle. However, most of the published findings in the literature are limited to studies that visualize these cytoskeletons in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis. Few are focus on the underlying molecular mechanism that regulates their organization in the epithelium in response to changes in the stages of the epithelial cycle remains largely explored. Functional studies in the last decade have begun to focus on the role of binding proteins that regulate these cytoskeletons, and some interesting data have been rapidly emerging in the field. Since the actin- and intermediate-based cytoskeletons have been recently reviewed, herein we focus on the MT-based cytoskeleton for two reasons. First, besides serving as a structural support cytoskeleton, MT is known to serve as the track to support and facilitate the transport of germ cells, such as preleptotene spermatocytes connected in clones and elongating/elongated spermatids during spermiogenesis across the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and the adluminal compartment, respectively, during spermatogenesis. While these cellular events are crucial to the completion of spermatogenesis, they have been largely ignored in the past. Second, MT-based cytoskeleton is working in concert with the actin-based cytoskeleton to provide structural support to the transport of intracellular organelles across the cell cytosol, such as endosome-based vesicles, and residual bodies, phagosomes in Sertoli cells, to maintain the cellular homeostasis in the seminiferous epithelium. We critically evaluate some recent published findings herein to support a hypothesis regarding the role of MT in conferring germ cell transport in the seminiferous epithelium.