Seismic Monitoring of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat
Seismic Monitoring of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat
复制标题
蒙特塞拉特岛苏弗里耶尔山火山的地震监测
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Thompson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Luckett;B. Baptie;L. Ottemöller;G. Thompson
由活火山引起的地震活动是其当前和未来活动的有用指标。然而，在这样的环境中维持地震网络并获取尽可能重要的信息是一项挑战。本文介绍了西印度群岛蒙特塞拉特的地震网络和采集系统，这些系统在经过10多年的监测后最近进行了升级。
蒙特塞拉特的苏弗里埃山火山是一座安山质圆顶火山。1992年注意到地震活动加剧，目前的喷发始于1995年（Young等人，1998年），在现有火山建筑物顶部的火山口内形成了一个圆顶。从那时起，圆顶的增长经历了三个主要阶段：1995年7月至1998年3月，1999年11月至2003年7月，以及2005年8月至今。在这两个阶段之间是残余活动的时期，地震活动大大减少，偶尔会发生爆炸。圆顶正在增长，平均熔岩挤出速率约为2 m3/s，但几乎恒定的小圆顶崩溃减少了所产生的圆顶的大小。也有一些非常大的圆顶倒塌的地方，整个圆顶已被删除。其中最大的一次是在2003年7月，当时一个超过2.1亿立方米的圆顶在18小时内被摧毁。这类喷发的主要危险是部分或完全穹丘坍塌造成的火山碎屑流（图1）。这些是巨石、火山灰和气体的混合物，形成温度高达500 °C的极其移动的滑坡，速度可超过100公里/小时（科尔等人，1998年）。到目前为止，火山爆发造成的唯一伤亡是火山碎屑流活动的结果（Loughlin等人，2002年）。岛的南半部地区...
The seismicity caused by an active volcano is a useful indicator of its current and future activity. However, it is a challenge to maintain a seismic network in such an environment and to obtain the most significant information possible. This article describes the seismic network and acquisition systems on Montserrat in the West Indies, which have recently undergone an upgrade after more than 10 years of monitoring.
Soufriere Hills Volcano on Montserrat is an andesitic dome-building volcano. Heightened seismicity was noted in 1992, and the current eruption started in 1995 (Young et al. 1998) with a dome growing within the crater at the top of the existing volcanic edifice. Since then there have been three main phases of dome growth: July 1995 to March 1998, November 1999 to July 2003, and August 2005 to present. Between these phases were periods of residual activity with much reduced seismicity and occasional explosions. The dome is growing with average lava extrusion rates of approximately 2 m3/s, but almost constant small dome collapses reduce the size of the resulting dome. There have also been a number of very large dome collapses where the whole dome has been removed. The largest of these was in July 2003 when a dome greater than 210 million m3 was destroyed over the course of 18 hours. The main hazard from this type of eruption is the pyroclastic flows resulting from partial or complete dome collapse (figure 1). These are mixtures of boulders, ash, and gas that form extremely mobile landslides with temperatures up to 500 °C and can travel in excess of 100 km/hr (Cole et al. 1998). The only casualties of the eruption so far were the result of pyroclastic flow activity (Loughlin et al. 2002). Areas on the southern half of the island …