Pesticide-mediated homeostatic modulation in arthropods
Pesticide-mediated homeostatic modulation in arthropods
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pestbp.2005.09.002
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Cohen, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, E
毒物兴奋效应（Hormesis）一词是用来描述一种现象，即暴露于高水平的应激源是抑制性的，而低剂量（轻度、亚致死和亚毒性）是刺激性的。刺激作用被认为是正常稳态不稳定后代偿性生化过程的结果。节肢动物暴露于轻度化学应激物（即，农药）可能导致繁殖增强，这与其他因素有关，沿着害虫爆发和复发。然而，对于观察到的刺激效应是由于接触非目标害虫（即，螨）的杀虫剂（滴滴涕，西维因，杀虫拟除虫菊酯或吡虫啉）。应用于非目标害虫的农药不能被视为压力源，因为很难观察和测量非常高剂量的抑制或死亡率。农药诱导的稳态调节（PIHM）被认为是一个更广泛的术语，包括农药对非靶标害虫的兴奋效应和刺激效应。PIHM在农业生态系统中诱导害虫爆发的具体作用很难评估，因为很可能涉及其他复杂的环境因素。在施用的农药经历物理消散以及生物消散的情况下，时间因素是重要的。化学和/或光化学改性。由于接触有效残留物和降解产物的节肢动物害虫将受到PIHM的影响，导致繁殖增强，因此预计疫情可能会延迟。关于毒物兴奋效应和PIHM的知识对于设计害虫控制策略和害虫抗性管理实践具有实际意义。(c)2005年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
The term hormesis was coined to describe a phenomenon where exposure to high levels of stressors is inhibitory whereas low (mild, sublethal, and subtoxic) doses are stimulatory. The stimulatory effects are believed to be the result of compensatory biochemical processes following a destabilization of normal homeostasis. Exposure of arthropods to mild levels of chemical stressors (i.e., pesticides) may result in enhanced reproduction that has been associated along with other factors with pest outbreaks and resurgences. Hormesis, however, cannot be claimed for cases in which the observed stimulatory effects were due to exposure of non-target pests (i.e., mites) to pesticides (DDT, carbaryl, insecticidal pyrethroids or imidacloprid). Pesticides applied to non-target pests cannot be regarded as stressors since inhibition or mortality at very high doses can hardly be observed and measured. Pesticide-induced homeostatic modulation (PIHM) is suggested as a broader term to include both hormesis and stimulatory effects of pesticides on non-target pests. The specific role played by PIHM in inducing pest outbreaks in agroecosystems is difficult to evaluate as other complex environmental factors are most likely involved. The time factor is significant where applied pesticides undergo physical dissipation as well as biological.. chemical, and/or photochemical modifications. A delay in outbreaks may be anticipated as arthropod pests exposed to effective residues and degradation products will be subjected to PIHM resulting in enhanced reproduction. Knowledge about hormesis and PIHM has practical aspects for designing pest control strategies and pest resistance management practices. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.