Symbolic prejudice or fear of infection? A functional analysis of AIDS-related stigma among heterosexual adults
Symbolic prejudice or fear of infection? A functional analysis of AIDS-related stigma among heterosexual adults
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DOI：
10.1207/s15324834basp2003_5
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Capitanio, JP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Herek, GM;Capitanio, JP
为了确定对被污名化群体的态度主要是工具性的还是象征性的，我们对全国范围内的成人概率样本（N = 382）进行了两波电话调查，评估了艾滋病污名化的多个方面。根据对态度功能量表的回应，受访者根据其态度所服务的主要心理功能进行分类：(a)评估性（基于对个人感染风险的工具性关注）或(b)表达性（基于通过表达个人价值观来肯定自我概念的需要）。对通过同性恋行为感染艾滋病的人的负面影响，对所谓高风险群体的强制性检测的支持，以及对其他惩罚性艾滋病政策的支持，主要是通过对男同性恋者的态度来预测的，而不是通过对异性恋者的态度来预测的，这种模式被称为功能分歧。在各种假设情境中，避免艾滋病患者的行为意图主要通过对具有表达性态度和评价性态度的异性恋者的传染信念来预测，这种模式被称为功能共识。讨论了基于态度的功能方法对艾滋病教育和研究的影响。
To determine whether attitudes toward a stigmatized group are primarily instrumental or symbolic, multiple aspects of AIDS stigma were assessed in a 2-wave telephone survey with a national probability sample of adults (N = 382). Using responses to the Attitude Functions Inventory, respondents were categorized according to the dominant psychological function served by their attitudes: (a) evaluative (based on instrumental concerns about personal risk for infection), or (b) expressive (based on a need to affirm one's self-concept by expressing personal values). Negative affect toward a person who contracted AIDS through homosexual behavior, support for mandatory testing of so-called high-risk groups, and support for other punitive AIDS policies were predicted mainly by attitudes toward gay men for heterosexuals with expressive attitudes but not for those with evaluative attitudes, a pattern labeled functional divergence. Behavioral intentions to avoid persons with AIDS in various hypothetical situations were predicted primarily by beliefs about contagion for heterosexuals with expressive and evaluative attitudes alike, a pattern labeled functional consensus. Implications for AIDS education and for research based on the functional approach to attitudes are discussed.