Exosomes-based biomarker discovery for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.
Exosomes-based biomarker discovery for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.
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DOI：
10.2741/4565
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
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与其他种族相比，美国的非洲裔美国男性因前列腺癌（PCa）而具有更高的发病率和死亡率。仅在2016年，就有近30，000例非裔美国男性被诊断出PCa，4，450例男性死于PCa。PCa中这种健康差异的根本原因是复杂的，包括社会，经济和生物决定因素。为了减少或消除这种健康差异，我们必须更好地了解非裔美国人疾病的生物学，然后开发新的诊断和预后生物标志物，用于及时有效的治疗决策。最近，在了解外泌体（直径为30-150 nm的囊泡）在癌症发展和进展中的作用方面取得了显著进展。外泌体装载有独特的货物，包括蛋白质、核酸、脂质和代谢物，这些货物可以预测其来源的细胞。因此，癌症患者中的循环外泌体被用作一种活检，以鉴定用于早期诊断、预后和治疗的新型生物标志物。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了有前途的使用外泌体（a）确定种族相关的独特的生物学特征的PCa，和（B）发现新的生物标志物，更好地诊断和预后的PCa，减少癌症的健康差距的目标。
African American men in the United States have higher incidence and mortality rates due to prostate cancer (PCa) compared to other races. In 2016 alone, nearly 30,000 cases of PCa in African American men were diagnosed and 4,450 men died from PCa. The underlying reasons for this health disparity in PCa are complex and include social, economic, and biologic determinants. To reduce or eliminate this health disparity, we must better understand the biology of the disease in African Americans and then develop novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers useful for timely and effective treatment decisions. Recently, there has been remarkable progress in understanding the role of exosomes (vesicles of 30-150 nm diameter) in cancer development and progression. Exosomes are loaded with unique cargo, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites, that could predict the cells of their origin. Therefore, circulating exosomes in cancer patients are being used as a type of biopsy to identify novel biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the promising use of exosomes to (a) identify race-related unique biological features of PCa, and (b) discover novel biomarkers for better diagnosis and prognosis of PCa, with the goal of reducing cancer health disparities.